台灣電子代工業前往海外投資策略分析：以鴻海投資越南為例

近年來，隨著大陸的工資往上調整，導致生產成本隨之上升，加上給予台商的優惠亦逐步取消，導致台商開始轉往其他地區投資，企業為永續經營而投資無國界，擴大經營以增加營收及利潤。依據經濟部投資業務處的資料顯示，大陸和東協為我國對外直接投資最主要的區域，尤其以2008年我國投資越南金額為88.6億美金, 比起2007年19.4億美金成長高達356.7%，比起大陸2008年投資98.4億，2007年96.76億僅成長1.69%。在大陸與東協之中,以越南投資成長最高。外人直接投資(Foreign Direct Investment，FDI)在全球化過程中，一直占著十分重要的地位。FDI不僅可以就地利用該國的資源從事生產和銷售，也可以縮短與末端消費者之間的距離，免除商品往返兩國或多國間的運輸成本和貿易障礙。全球市場競爭與電子產品模組化，縮短電子產品的生命週期，廠商必須壓低生產成本，並迅速增加產品在全球市場的銷售量與普及率，因此，生產成本的控制、產品製造的彈性與產品上市的時間及生命週期，成為全球品牌廠商主要的考量重點。自從鴻海營業額於2005年居全球代工產業之冠以後，業績持續成長，目前已經跟第二大競爭對手之營業額差距離有兩倍之多。本研究以鴻海投資越南為例，藉由五股作用力及SWOT分析方式，探討台灣電子代工業之投資布局以及競爭策略。

關鍵字

海外投資；鴻海集團；越南投資；電子代工業

並列摘要

In recent years, mainland China wages adjust upward, cause the rise of production costs, plus the discount for Taiwanese businessmen is canceled, result in Taiwan businessmen start investing to other regional. For expand operators to increase revenue and profits, enterprise have to invest worldwide. The Department of Investment Services, Ministry of Economic Affairs data shows that the most important regions of Taiwan's investment are mainland China and ASEAN. Especially in 2008, Taiwan's investment in Vietnam for US$8.86 billion, compared to US$1.94 billion up to 356.7% growth in 2007 than from the mainland China in 2008 to invest US$9.84 billion, US$9.676 billion in 2007 grew only 1.69%. Vietnam’s growth is the highest among mainland China and ASEAN investment. FDI (Foreign Direct Investment), got a very important position in the globalization. FDI can not only place to use the resources of the country engaged in the production and sale, can also shorten the distance between the end consumer, saving merchandise transportation costs and trade barriers between two or more States. The global market competition and electronic products modulize, shorten the life cycle of electronic products, manufacturers must drive down production costs and rapid increase sales and penetration in the market. Therefore, global brands should considerate the control of production costs, flexibility manufacturing, time to market and life cycle of product. Since 2005, Foxconn's turnover ranking the highest in the global Electronics Manufacturing Service, the revnue continue growing, it is more than twice of the second largest competitor’s turnover. In A Case Study of Foxconn Investment Vietnam, by the 5 forces and SWOT analysis of the way to explore the layout of the Electronics Manufacturing Service investment and competition policy.