情殺者人格特質評估—以中部監獄為例

The Assessment of Intimate Murders’ Personality Traits from The Sampling of Taichung and Chiayi Prisons

孫苾卉(BEE-HUEI SUN)

指導教授 ： 黃富源

國立臺北大學/社會科學學院/犯罪學研究所/碩士(2010年)

摘要

愛恨情仇本是人間男女的必經過程，但有些人失去愛情或面臨背叛、情傷，卻會做出激烈的反擊或報復行為。據統計，台灣每2天就發生1起戀愛暴力與情殺案件，平均每月至少有3件的殺人未遂與殺人致死的情殺案件。情殺案件的發生，除了巨觀的社會文化因素、家庭互動因素外，個人的情緒狀態、精神狀態、思考模式及認知外界的過程，更扮演重要的因素，亦即「人格」對於情殺行為的發生與否，有著舉足輕重的影響。本研究關注情殺者的「人格特質」，藉由基氏人格測驗、人際行為量表兩種心理測驗來蒐集較豐富的殺人者之人格資料，以量的分析來了解這類案件加害者的特性：情殺者是否具有特殊的人格特質？情殺者與一般殺人者有何不同的人格？
研究方法為調閱台中及嘉義監獄目前入監服刑為殺人或殺人未遂罪之檔案，將其依犯案原因選取：情殺組60人：受害者為親密伴侶、行凶動機為情殺。一般殺人組60人：受害者為非親密伴侶、行凶動機為非情殺 。一般組：30人，男性無犯罪前科者。上述三組以團體施測方式填寫基氏人格測驗、人際行為量表兩種心理測驗，測驗結果中若一致性太低的樣本將予以剔除，剩餘有效樣本再以SPSS進行統計分析。
由測驗結果統整出情殺者的人格特質有以下幾點：1.攻擊性中等，表達的方式是肢體及被動攻擊兩種方式。2.自我肯定較低，沒有自信心。3.害羞內向，不喜歡交朋友或參加社交活動。4.情緒偏向憂鬱、慮病、迫害感、異常。了解情殺者的人格特質，進而對情殺者做辨識，目的是為了要對情殺行為做預防及提供情殺者合適的矯治方向。本研究進一步提出以下六項特質為對情殺者的辨識：少摯友、多埋怨、高自卑、低情緒、罕溝通、易動粗。由情殺者人格特質而提出對情殺者的矯治建議：1.改善社交技巧：不過度壓抑自己不滿的情緒，越早進行適當的溝通，越早面對親密關係的問題，越能有健全的其他人際關係，就越能避免發生情殺的事件。2.適當的抒發情緒：教導情殺者辨識自己的情緒、敏感到自己情緒的變化，進一步學習如何在自己情緒狀態不佳的情形下適當的抒發情緒。3.提供潛在情殺者適當求助管道，讓意識到自己在持續情緒低落或是有攻擊衝動無法控制的狀況下，有求助的管道。

關鍵字

親密伴侶 ； 情殺 ； 人格 ； 人格特質 ； 人格測驗

並列摘要

Love, passion, and hate are nature process between women and men in the human society. However, certain people vigorously attack or revenge their partners when their partners betrayed them, walked away from the relationships, or emotionally hurt the other.
According to the statistic analysis, violence or homicide associated with heat of passion happened once every other day with the average of three cases of murders each month in Taiwan.
Besides the macro factors of culture in society and family interactions, individual’s emotional status, psychological stability, pattern of thoughts, and awareness of the reality world play more essential rules at homicide in heat of passion in which “personality” is strongly influenced whether committing a crime of passion. This study focused on “personality characteristics” of killers in heat of passion, which based on two psychological tests, BPI and IBS Test, researched in complicated data of personality characteristics of murders in heat of passion and quantitatively analysis to understand the specific characteristics at those cases: Do murders in heat of passion have specific personality characteristics? Do people who commit crime in passion have different personality characteristics compared to other criminals?
In Materials and Methods, we researched in cases from current prisons that committed crimes or murders in Taichung and Chiayi prisons, and we selected cases based on reasons of crime. Sixty chosen prisons were at the Crime of Passion group, which included victims were partners in heat of passion and committed crime motivation was crime of passion. Another sixty chosen prisons were at the Non-crime of Passion group in which victims were not intimate partners and motivation of committed crime was not crime of passion. Thirty men without criminal records were selected as the control group. People from the above three groups filled out forms of two psychological tests of BPI and IBS Test as a team. The test results were not been utilized if the samples were off the uniformity within their team and the valid samples were analyzed by SPSS Statistic Analysis.
People in the crime of passion group share specific personality characteristics according to our test results: 1.middle aggression :by body or passive aggressive。 2. Low self-esteem and no confidence. 3. Shy, not outgoing, and do not like to make friends or participate in social activities. 4. Emotions are prone to be depressed, worried about getting diseases, been hurt, and abnormal.
Understanding and distinguishing personality characteristics of people who committed crime of passion are for preventing the crimes and providing correct directions toward the murders in heat of passion.
This study also provided six specific characteristics to identify people who committed crime in passion: less sincere, like to complain, lack self-confidence, low emotional intelligence, lack communication, and short temper. The suggestion based on the specific personality characteristics from crime of passion: 1. Improve social skills: do not over-suppress unsatisfied emotions, early initiated proper communication. Face issues of relationships in time can sound interpersonal relationship and prevent crime of passion. 2. Appropriate release emotional stresses: teach murders in heat of passion understand his/her emotion, sense the emotional vibration, advanced in learning how to release emotional stresses under low emotion. 3. Provide professional assistant to people who are at high risk to committee crime of passion to sense their low emotion, stress, and control aggressiveness of attack.

並列關鍵字

intimate partner ； intimate murders ； personality ； personality trait ； personality test

參考文獻

許春金，2007，《犯罪學》。台北市：三民。

楊士隆，1998，《台灣地區殺人犯罪之：多面相成因之實證調查》。行政院國科會專題研究。

郭志通，2002， 《親密關係暴力之處遇與預防》。諮商與輔導202卷頁24-28。

Abbott, A. 2001. Into the mind of a killer. Nature, 410, 296-298.

Barratt, E. S. 1994. Impulsiveness and aggression. In J. Monahan & H. J. Steadman(Eds.), Violence and Mental Disorder: Developments in Risk Assessment . Chicago: University of Chicago Press.