宗教教誨對男性受刑人在監適應影響之實證分析

The Empirical Analysis on the Influence of Religious Discipline on Male Inmates in Prison Adjustment

李佩珍(Pei-Chen Li)

指導教授 ： 許春金

國立臺北大學/社會科學學院/犯罪學研究所/碩士(2008年)

摘要

監獄生活適應良好與否，關係著受刑人日後申請假釋的作業，也攸關其日後出獄能否順利復歸社會，又現代行刑思想以教育刑為著重，各矯正單位莫不重視教化教誨作業，其中宗教教誨便被視為最有成效的教化方式。本研究目的主要在於探討不同的宗教信仰與態度，以及不同的宗教教誨經驗與認知是否會影響受刑人在監適應的情況，並進一步探究受刑人的基本特性、宗教教誨經驗與認知、服刑態度、社會控制與在監適應之間的關聯。

本研究於民國九十七年五月至六月間以自行設計之問卷至台北監獄、桃園監獄、宜蘭監獄、基隆監獄及新竹監獄，抽樣631位男性受刑人以作調查，共得有效問卷540份，並以變異數分析、相關分析、複迴歸分析等方法做進一步之研究。

研究結果顯示：(1)在教誨經驗方面，約七成的受刑人表示目前有參與宗教教誨，參與頻率以每月一次為最多，其中超過五成的受刑人表示最常參與集體宗教教誨，接觸的宗教師則以志工及牧師最為頻繁，並同意課程的多元性、認同宗教師可以幫助其解除壓力；在生活適應方面，生活管教、教化處遇、衛生醫療三個項目整體得分差異不大；工場作業與技能訓練的實用性較不獲得受刑人的認同；而受刑人發生各項違規與偏差行為的比例則普遍偏低。(2)在個人特性的影響方面，以婚姻狀況對宗教教誨的影響最大，職業類別對在監適應的影響最大。(3)在宗教教誨與在監適應之關聯方面，比起外在參與教誨之經驗，個人內在對於宗教教誨的認知才是影響受刑人在監適應的主要原因，亦即受刑人宗教信仰的態度愈虔誠、愈認同宗教、教誨課程與宗教師之正面功能者，在這五項的適應表現上也會愈好。(4)在中介變項的影響方面，服刑態度、家庭控制、同儕控制幾乎與各項在監適應之間有顯著正相關。

根據研究發現，本研究提出以下幾點建議：(1)針對宗教教誨課程應從多元性、豐富性、連貫性三方面加強。(2)針對教誨制度審核方面，矯正機構除對宗教師的資歷進行審核外，也應考量其課程實施之成果，參酌受刑人之反應；對於教誨課程也應有完善的評鑑機制，審查人員應獨立於監獄之外，才能使宗教教誨制度徹底落實並發揮功效。

關鍵字

宗教教誨 ； 在監適應 ； 宗教信仰 ； 服刑態度 ； 社會控制

並列摘要

Inmates’ adaptabilities to their environments have to do with the application for parole and the consequence of their rehabilitation. Since the correctional institutions focuses on educational penalty recently, the importance of instructions has been emphasized, and religious discipline is just one of the best ways among them. The primary goal of this research is to understand whether the prison adjustment is effected by different religious beliefs, attitudes, cognition, and experiences of religious discipline programs. It also probes into the relations among inmate’s characteristics, the experiences of participating religious discipline programs, their attitudes towards the imprisonment, and finally, their adjustment in prison. This research initiated a written questionnaire on May to June, 2008, distributed to a randomly selected group of male inmates in five prisons in northern Taiwan. The selected group comprises 631 male inmates and finally brings forth 540 questionnaires which are valid.
The research has shown that: (1) Around 70% inmates participate in religious discipline programs, and the most prevailing one is collective education. The inmates contact with the volunteers and the clergymen more often than other chaplains. Besides, many inmates agree with the diversity of the programs and the relaxation of pressure from chaplains. On the aspect of adjustment, the average scores of daily discipline, instructional treatment, and medical treatment don’t present an obvious divergence, however, inmates show little identification with the practicality of the factory works and skills training. There is also a low incidence of infringing the regulations in prison. (2) Marriage is the most significant factor to influence the cognition of religious discipline, whether inmates’ job before their imprisonment influences the adjustment most. (3) The principal cause of the consequence of inmates’ adjustment depends on their cognition towards the religious discipline programs. (4) On the aspect of intervening variables, there is an obvious positive correlation between the attitudes towards imprisonment, social control and the each aspect of the adjustment in prison.
According to the results, this research suggests that: (1) The religious discipline programs should be enhanced with the diversity and coherence. (2) There is a need for correctional institutions to verify the chaplains’ qualifications. Furthermore, establishing an integrated mechanism to the discipline program is also necessary.

並列關鍵字

religious discipline program ； prison adjustment ； religious belief ； social control

參考文獻

許春金，2003，《犯罪學》。台北：三民。

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Alison Liebling. 1992. Prison suicide and prisoner coping. In Prisons:

Crime and Justice,vol.26.,eds.Michael Tonry and Joan

Petersilia. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.