烷化生質柴油特性分析

Analysis the Performance of Alkylate Biodiesel

張財源(Tsai-yuan Chang)

指導教授 ： 吳澤松

崑山科技大學/工程學院/機械工程研究所/碩士(2005年)

摘要

由於生質柴油為一種再生能源，且具有環境保護的益處，因此越來越受大家歡迎；本研究將探討兩支烷化生質柴油(BD9505、BD8020)及一支純生質柴油(B100)並與傳統柴油之油品物化性、引擎性能及污染排放等差異做比較。
本實驗之測試油料分別為傳統低硫柴油(D100)、烷化油摻入5%生質油料(BD9505)、20%生質油料(BD8020)之烷化生質柴油及100%生質油料(B100)之純生質柴油，共評估試驗此四支油品。
經油品的物、化性分析結果可知，本研究探討之烷化生質柴油，其優點為具有高十六烷值、極低的硫含量、極低的芳香烴含量及具有良好之潤滑性；而缺點為熱值較低、流動點高。由引擎性能測試結果可知，烷化生質柴油的最大馬力約比傳統柴油低6%；而最大扭力約比傳統柴油低11%；比較引擎的耗油量，BD9505的耗油量與傳統柴油差不多，而BD8020的耗油量則比傳統柴油高。由引擎的污染排放測試結果可知，烷化生質柴油對THC、CO及PM污染排放均有降低的效果，其中PM污染排放有5% ~ 17%的降低量。
模擬引擎實車行駛5000公里的污染排放測試結果可知：累積里程後兩種油品(BD9505與BD8020)的THC、CO及PM污染排放量都會增加。若與高級柴油做比較，烷化生質柴油在累積里程前與累積里程後，均有減少的結果，其中以THC與黑煙的減量最明顯。
由六部垃圾車之實車試驗結果可知，本烷化生質柴油可直接使用於行駛中的車輛而不需修改其操作條件；由汽缸內視鏡分析結果可知，使用烷化生質柴油後汽缸內會比較乾淨；由噴油嘴流量分析結果與實車黑煙檢測結果可知，車輛會受單缸噴油嘴的積污造成霧化不良而導致黑煙過多，但若與使用高級柴油同樣有單缸積污的車輛做比較，其使用烷化生質柴油的黑煙排放狀況會比較好；由機油分析結果可知，試驗後機油都沒有變質。
以經濟性、油品物化性、耗油量、引擎性能及污染排放降低效果，其BD9505的烷化生質柴油油品最佳，亦最具可行性。

關鍵字

實車試驗 ； 再生能源 ； 引擎性能測試 ； 烷化生質柴油

並列摘要

Biodiesel has become more attractive recently because of its environmental benefits and the fact that it is made from renewable resources. Consequently, this study intended to investigate the fuel properties, engine performances and emissions of 2 alkylating biodiesel (BD9505 and BD8020) and 1 pure biodiesel (B100) and low sulfur diesel (D100).
The fuel examined were low sulfur diesel, alkylating fule blending with different composition of 5% biodiesel (BD9505) and 20% biodiesel (BD8020) and B100. There were 4 fuels tested.
The fuel properties analysis results showed that the benefit of alkylating biodiesel were high cetane number, very low sulfur contents, very low aromatic contents and with good lubricity. The defects of alkylating biodiesel were low heating value. From the engine performance testing, the maximum power of biodiesel were lower about 6% than the traditional diesel and the maximum torque of biodiesel were lower about 11% than the traditional diesel. The fuel consumption of alkylating biodiesels was higher than the traditional diesel. From the engine emission testing, the THC, CO and PM emissions were decreased. Alkylating biodiesel reduces PM emission from 5% to 17%.
From the engine tests of accumulated 5000km mileage, the emissions of THC, CO and PM were increased after test. The emissions of alkylating biodiesels (BD9505 and BD8020) were lower than the traditional diesel at the new and deposited conditions.
The biodiesel could be used directly at the present engine. The adjustments of engine operation conditions were not necessary. The alkylating biodiesl could clean the deposit of combustion chamber.
Regarding the cost, fuel properties, fuel consumption, engine performances and emission reduction, the BD9505 alkylating biodiesel has the potential of completing with low sulfur diesel.

並列關鍵字

field test ； alkylate biodiesel ； engine performance test ； alternative energy

參考文獻

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