不同訓練頻率、性別、教育階段中等學校學生運動員心理堅韌性之差異

The Differences in Mental Toughness of Secondary School Athletes in Different Training Frequencies, Genders, and Educational Stages

陳亞麟(Ya-Lin Chen) ； 卓國雄(Kuo-Hsiung Cho)

《臺南大學體育學報》 15期 (2020/12) Pp. 27-39

摘要

目的：探討不同訓練頻率、性別、教育階段中等學校學生運動員心理堅韌性之差異情形。方法：採立意取樣，抽取106～108年度中等學校國高中運動選手299名為對象，男生178人、女生121人（平均年齡=14.61歲　標準差=1.47歲）。本研究受試者皆取得監護人家長知情同意書及受試者同意書，並填寫個人資料、心理堅韌性量表。資料蒐集完成後，以描述性統計、獨立樣本單因子變異數分析、獨立樣本t檢定進行資料分析；顯著水準訂為α=.05。結果：不同訓練頻率之中學運動員在心理堅韌性中的積極奮鬥（F=4.058, p＜.05）、忍受傷痛（F=5.333, p＜.05）達顯著差異；在不同性別上，心理堅韌性中的抗壓性男女有別（t=2.44, p＜.05）達顯著差異，男性選手的抗壓性顯著優於女選手；國中選手和高中選手在「積極奮鬥」（t=-1.08, p＞.05）、「抗壓性」（t=-1.90, p＞.05）、「忍受傷痛」（t=-.75, p＞.05）皆無差異顯著。結論：中等學校運動員在高訓練頻率選手中有較高的積極奮鬥及忍受傷痛之心理堅韌性；男選手比女選手則有更高的抗壓性；不同教育階段在心理堅韌性三個構面皆無顯著差異。建議：雖研究證據顯示高訓練頻率選手有較佳的心理堅韌性，究其原因可能是中學生運動員為了成為頂尖選手，較願意吃苦及忍受傷痛接受長期的高頻率專項訓練，但教練更應注意選手的身心恢復狀況，適度調節訓練和休息之比率。

關鍵字

積極奮鬥 ； 忍受傷痛 ； 抗壓性

並列摘要

Purpose: This paper was to discuss the differences in mental toughness of secondary school athletes in different training frequencies, genders, and educational stages. Method: The research method took purposive sampling. It took 299 athletes who were secondary school students during A.D. 2017 to A.D. 2019 as the subjects in the research. There were 178 males and 121 females in total (The average age= 14.61 years, SD= 1.47). It got the guardian parent informed consents and the informed consents from the subjects in this research, and they filled out the personal information and mental toughness scales. After collecting the information, it used descriptive statistics, ANONA, and t-test to process the data; the significance level was set toα=.05. Result: In different training frequencies, secondary school athletes performed significant differences in positive effort (F=4.058, p＜.05) and endurance (F=5.333, p＜.05) of mental toughness. In different genders, males and females had significant differences in the anti-pressure (t=2.44, p＜.05) of mental toughness. The anti-pressure of male athletes was apparently better than females'. Junior high school athletes and high school athletes had non-significant differences in positive effort (t=-1.08, p＞.05), anti-pressure (t=-1.90, p＞.05), and endurance (t=-.75, p＞.05). Conclusion: Secondary school athletes with high training frequencies had higher positive effort and endurance of mental toughness; male athletes had higher anti-pressure than female; in different education stages, it had non-significant differences in three perspectives of mental toughness. Suggest: Although the research evidence showed athletes with high training frequencies had better mental toughness, the reason why those athletes performed that might be they wanted to become the top athletes so they would prefer to bear hardships and endurance and accept long-term high frequencies professional training. So coaches should notice the athletes' physical and mental condition and moderately adjust the rate of training and resting.

並列關鍵字

Positive Effort ； Anti-Pressure ； Endurance