本研究之目的在分析運動心理資本對高中運動員知覺自我運動表現影響,並以教練家長式領導行為作為學校層次變項,進行跨層次研究,本研究依據理論推導出七個研究假設,研究對象是施測從高中施測60個運動隊,每個運動隊發放15份問卷,共發放900份問卷,回收60個運動隊,共845份有效問卷回收,有效回收率91.9 %。資料回收後使用階層線性模式進行跨層次分析,結果發現:(一)控制變項中年級與全國前八名成績變項皆不會影響運動員知覺自我運動表現,而女性運動員的運動員知覺自我運動表現高於男生運動員。(二)個人層次發現運動心理資本的自我效能、希望、復原力及樂觀等四個構面皆會正向影響知覺自我運動表現的影響。在跨層次分析方面,教練家長式領導的威權領導與才德領導並不會影響運動員的知覺自我運動表現,而仁慈領導會正向影響運動員的知覺自我運動表現。以上提供高中運動團隊及未來相關研究參考。
The purpose of this study was to examine a cross-level effect of paternalistic leadership of coaches (at the team-level) and psychological capital (at the person-level) on athletes' perceived sport performance. The study tested ten hypotheses. Participants were 845 athletes from 60 sport teams in high schools. We used hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) to conduct data analysis. the results show that the grade and athletes who ranked top 8 at national competitions had no significant influences on perceived sport performance, while the gender had a negative influence, which indicated that woman athletes had more perceived sport performance than man athletes. At the person-level, as for psychological capital, self-efficacy, hope, resilience and optimism had positive influences on perceived sport performance. A cross-level effect of paternalistic leadership behavior of coaches, the results show that authoritarian leadership and moral leadership at the team-level has not effects on perceived sport performance (at the person-level), benevolent leadership at the team-level has positive effects on perceived sport performance (at the person-level). The study provides implications and applications for sport teams in high schools, and future research.