代幣增強方案對於增進中重度智能不足者職業技能之影響

Effects of Token Economy Program on Facilitating the Vocational Skills of Moderately and Severely Retarded Workers

陳榮華(Yung-Hwa Chen)

《教育心理學報》 24期 (1991/06) Pp. 1-30

https://doi.org/10.6251/BEP.19910601.1

摘要

本研究安排兩項實驗，探討代幣增強方案、獨立工作桌、增強專注工作行爲自變項，對增進中重度智能不足者不同職業技能之影響。實驗一探用A-B-A倒返實驗設計，受試是十八位在台北市立陽明教養院職訓班受訓智障者，職訓組分爲糕餅組、摺紗布組及印刷組。實驗二採用跨越不同組別的「延宕多基準線設計」及「多重處理設計」之混合模式，以私立義光教養院附設庇護工廠的十四位重度智障者受試，針對包書皮（分爲封面紙及裝塑膠套）的工作效率（指每一分鍾的生産量）進行實驗評估。
根據兩項實驗結果得知：(1)代幣增強方案及教導程序不但有益於幫助智障習得多項簡易工作技能，而且更能增進個別智障者的生産量。(2)在小型庇護工廠內佈置獨立工作桌確能增進多數智聯者生産量，唯對處閉症個案似易引起反效果；(3)增強「專注工作行爲」策略並未相對地大量提升智聯者的生産量，其因或許該歸咎實驗設計的不盡理想，唯確實原因尚待進一步的探討。

並列摘要

This study consisted of two experiments. In experiment 1, an A-B-A design was used to assess the effects of a token economy program to increase the productivity level of three target jobs (such as cakemaking, gquze folding and printing cards). The subjects were 18 moderately and severely workers retarded in the vocational training class of a public institution. In experiment 2, the effects of combined strategy (including token economy, isolated work table and on-task reinforcement) on productive rates of setting book covers were evaluated within a combined delayed multiple baseline and multitreatment design. The subjects were two moderately, nine severely and three profoundly retarded workers in a private sheltered workshop.
The major findings of the study were as follows: (1) The token economy program helped not only to facilitate the vocational skills, but also to increase the productive rates for all subjects in a variety of tasks; (2) The work condition containing isolated work table for each subject enhanced his productivity except two autistic cases; (3) for some subjects, reinforcement for general on-task behavior failed to result in increased productive rate.