椰香天竺葵葉片揮發性成分及其遺傳分析

Leaf volatile components and inheritance analyses in Pelargonium grossularioides (L.) L’Hér. ex Ait.

吳宛玲(Wan-Ling Wu)

指導教授 ： 張祖亮

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/園藝學研究所/碩士(2009年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2009.02105

摘要

本研究利用頂空固相微萃取法（Headspace solid phase microextraction， HS-SPME）及氣相層析質譜儀（Gas chromatography/Mass spectrum，GC/MS），分析椰香天竺葵（Pelargonium grossularioides）葉片揮發性香氣成分且確立其分析方法。初步探討葉片主成分cis-3-hexenol、myrcene、3-hexen-1-ol[acetate]、limonene、L-fenchone、cyclohexanone與δ-cadinene之遺傳行為。首先，確立分析方法及其流程：取40片直徑4 mm之葉圓片置25 mL之頂空瓶；加入內標準品後，以75℃加熱20分鐘，再以SPME吸附20分鐘；SPME脫附時間為30秒。樣品採樣後不宜儲藏應立即分析，取樣當日採樣時間對七種主成分含量影響小。
採收種子成熟度指標為J之種子且採收後立即播種，其發芽率佳可近100%。種子儲藏溫度以18℃較5℃為佳，18℃儲藏者之發芽率會隨儲藏日數增加而提高，儲藏28天後播種發芽率為80.5%。5℃儲藏16週之最高發芽率僅44.5%，儲藏日數增加會降低發芽率且延遲發芽。
以GC/MS分析親本、自交一代、全互交後裔及扦插苗葉片揮發性香氣，得校正後含量對數指標（Calibrated Abundance Log Index，CALI）。七種葉片於主成分自交一代和全互交後裔族群之分布，其趨勢近常態分布。自交一代和全互交後裔各主成分間具相關性，尤其以 myrcene、limonene、L-fenchone、cyclohexanone及δ-cadinene之相關相較高。利用主成分分析法 （Principal component analysis）之因子分析，計算各獨立的主成分。自交一代和全互交後裔族群之資料可被3個無法觀察的因子解釋，累積的解釋量分別達原變方的88.9%及95.4%。將3個因子經過Varimax轉軸後，顯示第1個因子（F1）與葉片主成分myrcene、limonene、L-fenchone、cyclohexanone及δ-cadinene有關，第2個因子（F2）與cis-3-hexenol有關，而第3個因子（F3）與3-hexen-1-ol[acetate]有關。以變異範圍最大的第1主成分值為基準進行篩選，選拔最大極端值H及最小極端值L為雜交親本，以兩單株進行2 X 2全互交試驗。H × H和L × L兩族群與3個因子之關係，兩族群有明顯分離，表示選拔有效。自交一代和全互交後裔七種葉片主成分與三因子間之關係，兩族群之趨勢相同，主要分為兩大群，一為cis-3-hexenol和3-hexen-1-ol[acetate]，另一為myrcene、limonene、L-fenchone、cyclohexanone及δ-cadinene。
各成分之廣義遺傳率，以單株繁殖營系之方法較具效力。當分析單株時（r = 1），七種葉片主成分之廣義遺傳率最小值為11.7%（L-fenchone），最大值為43.2%（δ-cadinene）。若分析以各單株繁殖之營養系株數為4株時（r = 4），則各成分之廣義遺傳力可提高約2~3倍。

關鍵字

椰香天竺葵 ； 頂空固相微萃取法 ； 廣義遺傳力

並列摘要

Leaf volatile components analysis by headspace solid phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrum (GC-MS) of Pelargonium grossularioides. Furthermore, structure a method for the analysis. To discuss with heritability of cis-3-hexenol, myrcene, 3-hexen-1-ol[acetate], limonene, L-fenchone, cyclohexanone, and δ-cadinene. First, samling 40 discs of 4 mm diametral in 25 mL vial; heating 20 minute at 75℃ after add internal standards and then trap 20 minute by SPME; desorb 20 minute. The samples should analyze immediately after sampling.
The germination percentage was 100% nearly if seeding immediately after pick with seed meaturity index J. Seed storage temperature at 18℃ was better then at 5℃. The germination percentage at 18℃ was raised with inceease storage time. The germination rate 80.5% which was process 28 days to storage at 18℃. The highest germination percentage was only 44.5% process 16 weeknesses to storage at 5℃. The germination percentage decease and delay with increase storage times.
CALI were analyzed of leaf major volatile components by GC/MS of parents, selfing progeny, reciprocal crosses hybrids, and clone in P. grossularioides. Seven leaf major components trend to normal distribution of selfing progeny and reciprocal crosses hybrids of P. grossularioides. There were related to seven major leaf components, especially in myrcene, limonene, L-fenchone, cyclohexanone, and δ-cadinene. Principal component individual were counted by factor analysis of principal component analysis. The date could be explained to three factors of selfing progeny and reciprocal crosses hybrids. The cumulative were 88.9%及95.4% individual of eigenvalue. Three factors to transform by Varimax, F1 correlates with myrcene, limonene, L-fenchone, cyclohexanone, and δ-cadinene; F2 correlates with cis-3-hexenol; F3 correlates with 3-hexen-1-ol[acetate]. Selection extreme individuals, H and L, base on variable F1. Reciprocal crosses testing with H and L. Two populations, H × H和L × L, correlates with three factors, and they segregate clear. That show selection is effective.
The broad heritability is effective to propagate clone of seven major components. The minimum of broad heritability is 11.7% (L-fenchone) and the maximum is 43.2%（δ-cadinene）when analyze a single plant (r=1). The broad heritability could increase triple when analyze 4 clone of the single plant (r=4).

並列關鍵字

Pelargonium grossularioides ； SPME ； broad heritability

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