本研究旨在探討馬來西亞的華語,並以檳城這個地方為例。本研究所採用之研究方法為質化研究兼量化研究。藉由問卷和錄音的方式取得數據與語料,以此呈現出檳城華語與現代漢語的差異,進而了解馬來西亞檳城華人的華語特色。 檳城的華語大部分都受到了方言的影響尤其是福建話為居多,然,檳城的福建話(即閩南語)卻又是一種域外變體,它與其他地方的閩南語亦有著差異。大馬華語從這個變體中的方言受到影響,又會形成一個怎樣的華語呢?研究結果顯示,檳城的華語的華語具有「本土化」的現象。我們可以從其詞彙、語音和句法結構等這幾個方面看出其所受影響的程度。其實在馬來西亞除了北部以外,中部與南部的華語亦有「本土化」的現象,相較之下,北部的「本土化」現象會較為濃厚,南部由於靠近新加坡,因此華語普遍上相較於北部是較為規範的。語言反映文化特色,因此研究者為馬來西亞檳城華人,想籍由檳城的華語反映出馬來西亞多元文化的特色。 本研究一共分為五章,緒論、文獻探討、研究方法、檳城華語本土化之探討以及研究結論與建議。 歸納研究所得之結論是,華人長期居住在海外難免會與當地的語言和文化接觸,進而與當地文化融合。馬來西亞華人的文化的確有融合於馬來西亞當地文化,語言亦不例外,只是語言受影響的因素較為特殊。每一個種族都會形成其獨特的種族文化,就中台兩岸而言,其雖然都屬於華族,但兩岸當地的文化有著明顯的差異性存在。中國大陸與台灣屬於兩個不同的地方,理所當然的亦會產生不同的文化色彩,包括語言。為此,馬來西亞亦不例外。研究者認為,馬來西亞華語的「本土化」該保留,因為其確實反映了大馬華人的文化之一。只是,我們可以採以共存的之態,在「本土」和「規範」之間作一個「協調」。
This research is about the Chinese spoken in Malaysia where Penang is the main focus of the research. Qualitative and quantitative research methods are being used in this research. Using survey questionnaires and audio recording method, information collected could clearly contrasted the differences between the spoken Chinese spoken in Penang and the modern Chinese and also helped in understanding the characteristics of the Chinese spoken in Penang. Chinese spoken in Penang mostly influenced by the common used dialect that is Hokkien. However, the Hokkien dialect spoken in Penang is extraterritorial variants which differs it from Hokkien dialect that being spoken in other place. What type of Chinese will it evolved from the influences of dialect in Malaysia? According to the result obtained from the research, Chinese spoken in Penang has been localized. We could notice the effect of localization from the vocabulary, pronunciation and also the structure of sentences that being found in the Chinese spoken in Penang. Besides the Northern Malaysia, there are also phenomenon of localization of Chinese spoken in the Central and Southern Malaysia. In contrast, the localization of Chinese in Northern Malaysia is stronger compared to the Southern Malaysia which located nearer to Singapore. Therefore, the Chinese language in Northern Malaysia is at norm comparing with the other places in the country. Language could reflect the characteristics of a culture which is one of the reason choosing Chinese in Penang as the target of this research in order to present the characteristics of Malaysia, a multicultural country. There are five chapters in this research which are the Introduction, Literature Review, Research Methodism Discussion on the localization of Chinese in Penang, Conclusion and Recommendation. Summarizing the result obtained from this research, Chinese who stayed oversea inevitably will be affected by the local language and culture whereby merging both culture into one. The culture of Chinese in Malaysia is a fusion with the culture of the local, and language is also part of the fusion. However, the reason of language being influenced is more special than the culture. Every race has a unique culture of their own just like China and Taiwan. Although Chinese is the main ethnic of the both places but there are still diversity between them as China and Taiwan are two different places with different culture and language is included in the differences. Therefore, there is no exception for Malaysia to be affected by the differences. Researcher thinks that the localization of Chinese spoken in Malaysia should be retained as a reflection of the unique culture in the country but it must have an integration between the localization and the norm of the language.