隨著環境變遷與全球暖化問題日益嚴重,全球環保意識逐漸強烈,為了有效減少污染物排放量,及防止溫室效應惡化,國際上無不正視這些議題,紛紛制定各種協定,目前公認對航空環境最有效之管制手段為建立碳交易制度和課徵飛機引擎空污費,2012年歐盟確定將航空運輸產業納入碳交易制度中,透過市場付費購買碳額度;全球徵收空污費之機場,目前有五個國家二十幾個機場,分別為瑞典、瑞士、英國、德國、丹麥等。 本研究選擇一條航程距離最長之歐洲航線,搭配三種不同機型,利用歐盟執委會公布之碳排量與碳額度計算模式,求得各航線之碳購買量。採用飛機起降各項污染物排放量換算社會成本,以求取桃園機場2010年飛機起降之總社會成本,以進行分析比較。透過實證與文獻回顧,其碳交易制度適用於國家、區域至全球,且對環境污染物減量有明確之目標,而引擎空污費適用於一個國家或機場之可採行方式,可藉由徵收費用激勵污染者進行減量措施,並將其收亦應用於當地之環境保護與污染物減量作法,達到雙重效益。
As the recognitions of growing environmental problems in the global society, more and more policies and measures are introduced in order to reduce emissions and mitigate the impacts of emissions on the environment and human beings. Of all the measures the Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) and Aircraft engine emissions charges(AEEC) are considered to be the most effective. The European Commission (EC) proposes to include the aviation sector into the European Emission Trading Scheme(EU ETS) from 2012.There are five countries of airports to introduce emission charge to improve local air quality in the vicinity. This research aims to investigate the mechanism of emissions trading schemes and emission charge and evaluate the implications of the environment. One longest European route, originating from Taipei are selected for the analysis. To show the average carbon emissions per flight and carbon needed to be purchased after free allowance. In addition, it evaluate social cost by using the LTO cycle basically that covers emissions of self-moving aircraft on Taiwanese international airport. All of the analysis, ETS is applied for the country or worldwide and emission charge is suitable for use at the airports.