資訊系統整合因素之研究 以ERP系統與現場資訊系統整合為例

The Factors of Information System Integration Cases about The Integration of ERP and SFIS

李嘉仁(Chia-Jen Lee)

指導教授 ： 吳肇銘

中原大學/商學院/資訊管理研究所/碩士(2004年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200400438

摘要

經濟活動在解決供需問題，為了解決供需問題，促成產業蓬勃發展，並且發展出許多生產管理理論。這些生產管理理論如果沒有資訊系統，將只能淪為空談。在”微利時代”製造業的利潤，被“原物料供應”及“銷售服務”雙向擠壓，如何降低製造成本，降低存貨成本，在接單生產(Build To Order ;BTO)的生產模式下，要解決生產時程被壓縮的問題，這些都是製造業所面臨的艱鉅挑戰。製造業必須在“有限產能”的規模下，以“無限產能”方式來做產能規劃。為應付接單生產的模式，衍生出的物流控制及存貨管理問題，對製造業而言是很重要的課題，所以，製造業莫不積極的導入新的生產管理制度及新的資訊系統，來解決製造業所面臨的產業競爭的困境。
在2000年代，製造業競相導入新的企業資源規劃系統（Enterprise Resource Planning, ERP），企業期望在導入新的ERP系統後，能大幅提升企業的經營績效。ERP系統是否真的能讓製造業掌握住“物流”，解決了製造業生產管理與存貨管理的問題，到今天為止，乃然被熱烈的討論著，還沒有獲得一個定論。ERP系統是一個將企業產、銷、人、發、財等各種運作機能整合起來的資訊系統，企業內，除了ERP系統外，還有許多不同的資訊應用系統，分別控制著不同作業階段的物流，ERP系統必須和這些資訊應用系統進行整合，才能發揮　ERP系統的效益，讓企業內部的物流完整的串接起來。企業在進行企業應用系統整合（Enterprise　Application Integration，EAI）即是以組織為共同作業流程標竿，整合企業內部各系統作業流程，程式間互相支援的流程設計，為企業電子化需求提供一個標準化流程作業及操作介面。EAI也是在進行“商業流程改造”工程　( Business Process Re-engineering , BPR)。經由BPR，讓企業經營管理的作業流程更有效率，讓物流的傳遞速度更快更正確，這樣子，不但能提升生產的效率，也可以降低存貨的成本，及物流在傳遞過程中的損失。
本研究採取個案研究的方法，以三家有導入新ERP系統及和現場資訊整合系統，並進行這二個資訊系統整合的資訊產品製造業，訪談這三家企業的專案經理人，探討系統整合的效益對企業經營績效的影響。經由這三個產業背景及資訊系統整合的需求有許多相同處，但是整合的過程及結果有所差異的個案公司訪談回應資料，做分析及比較，找出影響企業資訊系統整合的考量因素，發現了系統、人、流程和財務等因素對企業進行系統整合時的影響。經由本研究找出一個系統整合的最佳模式及所需要考量的因素，提供給企業在進行資訊系統整合時的參考資料，以幫助企業在進行資訊系統整合時，能獲得最好的效益。

關鍵字

ERP ； 無限產能 ； EAI ； SFIS ； 有限產能 ； BTO

並列摘要

Economic activities are to solve supply-demand problem. In order to solve the supply and demand problem, promote industrial activities, many production management theorems had been developed. Without information system, these theorems are useless. In this “mini-profit margin era”, manufacturer’s profits have been squeezing by both raw materials vendors and distributors. Manufacturers are facing the challenge of reducing production cost and inventory cost with limited production time. Manufacturers must plan “unlimited production” through “limited facilities”. The logistic and inventory control process is a very critical issue for manufacturers under Build to Order model. Therefore, manufacturers are aggressively implementing new production management workflow and information system to solve this critical issue they are facing.
At the beginning of 21st century, manufacturers were implementing the Enterprise Resources Planning (ERP) system. They hope the new ERP system can greatly improve their performance. It is still heavily debated whether the new ERP system can help manufacturers to handle the logistic and solve manufacturers’ production management and inventory management problems. ERP system integrates all aspects within the enterprise. However, there are many other information application systems within an enterprise. These systems are to control different step of the logistic within the enterprise. ERP system must integrate with these systems to fully utilize its benefits.
The main purpose of Enterprise Application Integration (EAI) is to treat the
organization as a workflow bench, integrate all application systems within the

enterprise and design the programs to support each other and to provide enterprise a
standard workflow control and user interface. EAI is also a Business Process Re-engineering (BPR). Through BPR, enterprise can manage the workflow process more efficiently and increase logistic speed and accuracy. It will improve production efficiency, reduce inventory cost, and minimize loss in the process of logistics.
In this research, we have adopted case study method. We interviewed three companies who had implemented ERP and SFIS and integrated these two systems. By interviewing the project managers of these three companies, we tried to address the benefits of system integration to the company. These three companies have different background. By comparing and analyzing the differences, we tried to find out factors lead to system integration’s success. We propose a best system integration model and factors that need to be considered for companies to follow and allow companies to get the most benefits out of system integration.

並列關鍵字

Limited Capability ； Limitless Capability ； ERP ； SFIS ； BTO ； EAI

參考文獻

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中文部份

1. 王立志，「系統化運籌管理與供應鏈管理」，滄海書局，1999年。