一所大學學生會的微觀政治研究

Micropolitical Analysis of the Operation of College Student Union

洪麗雯(Li-Wen Hung)

指導教授 ： 王麗雲

國立臺灣師範大學/教育學院/教育學系/碩士(2009年)

摘要

大學學生會之運作是達成教育目標、培養公民意識的重要歷程，過去曾是社會改革的動力，法律也賦予學生會存在的合法性。但近年媒體報導，學生會運作遭遇瓶頸。而過去國內以「大學學生會運作」為主題之研究，多以輔導者經驗、法理基礎與意涵為主，較少從學生觀點出發，難以理解學生會成員真實經歷到的學校生活。因此，本研究採「教育微觀政治理論」作為論述主軸，探討「組織生活的隱晦面」，並以質性個案研究方法，選擇湖畔大學（化名）進行實地田野的訪談與觀察，受訪者有學生會成員、校內其他學生團體、教師及行政人員等。

首先，本研究發現，自九０年代迄今，湖畔大學學生會之運作發展歷經四個時期的轉變，即穩定、衝突、和諧與危機時期。除了大學教授專業自主運作的區塊之外，大學學生會的成立使得原先科層體制主導掌控的學校行政決策，藉由學生會系統性的整合學生意見、爭取教師支持，透過各種權力策略，動搖了學校組織原有的權力生態。但於此同時，學生會本身面臨嚴重的運作危機，學生會的代表性與不可替代性受到質疑。

其次，影響大學學生會運作之因素分析，包含四大層面。在客觀因素方面，一是法規制度的影響，使學生會在行政決策、社團活動、工會抗爭定位中擺盪；二是對政治活動的反感影響學生參與學生會意願；三是學生的角色衝突。在認知差距方面，一是學校與學生會之間，對於學生會是「自治者」或「治校者」的權力定位不同；二是「尊師重道」與「師生平等」的倫理觀念衝突；三是學生會內部對於學生會發展的主軸有「權益派」與「活動派」的爭議。在利益考量方面，一是描述學校行政單位、教師與學生會之間，因為工作屬性差異，為了完成組織任務而造成「專業利益」衝突；二是學生會與校內其他學生團體、學校行政單位之間，在爭取認同與爭取資源上的利益關係；三是來自組織需求與個人需求不同，對於學生本身所造成的「個人利益」衝突，如學生的利己主義傾向與學生會的公益服務理念抵觸、學生傾向選擇有利於自我實現的表現場所。在文化因素層面，包含不同科系文化影響學生參與公共事務之態度、學生文化以情感為導向。

最後，依行動者使用目的，權力策略大致有「影響型策略」與「保護型策略」。校方與學生會之間的策略使用，由於雙方地位與互動方式的改變，在不同時期而有所差異。特別的是，湖畔大學的各利害關係人都經常使用「情感」訴求的權力策略。

關鍵字

微觀政治 ； 學生會

並列摘要

The operation of College Student Union is an important way to cultivate civic awareness. In addition, it has also been perceived as the driving force of social reform in Taiwan. However, College Student Union in Taiwan seemed to encounter great bottleneck recently. Most of the past research on College Student Union focused on legal and educational perspective. Few research focus on students’ perspectives about its operation as well as the real organizational process.

Micropolitical analysis was adopted to investigate the operation of College Student Union. Specific research questions addressed include the history of selected College Student Union at “Lakeshore University”, factors that affect the operation of College Student Union, and the power strategies adopted by the participants and stakeholders in the organization. Interviews were conducted to address the research questions. Selected interviewees include the cabinet and congressmen of the College Student Union, university staff, and professors who are related to the College Student Union. Data collected from field observation is also included for analysis.

Firstly, the development of the student association went through four periods, namely stability, conflict, harmonious and time of crisis. Structural factors, especially legal issues, affect the operation of College Student Union. Second important factor in structural dimension include the resentment about political activities among college students also a factor pulls college students away from active participation in College Student Union. The role conflicts of students also make participation in College Student Union difficult.

As to the cognitive difference, university staff and students disagree in the role of governing and governed. Traditional perspectives regarding teacher-student relationship also imposed limitations on the activity of College Student Union. Thirdly, disagreement about the mission of College Student Union was also found within College Student Union. In terms of interests, conflicts were also found among College Student Union, college administration, and university faculty due to different professional interests. Finally, cultural factors, such as different department culture, also affect students’ participation in College Student Union. Relationship-oriented culture also affects the operation of College Student Union.

key words: micro-politics, Student Association

並列關鍵字

micro-politics ； Student Association

參考文獻

鄭伯燻（2005）。華人領導—理論與實際。台北：桂冠。

席榮維（2005）。以微觀政治觀點分析校長的教學視導。學校行政雙月刊，36，17-25。

林曜聖（2003）。權力運作與衝突處理中的學校政治行為-校園微觀政治之概念、分析架構與方法。學校行政雙月刊，25，64-76。

林逸青（2003）。國中校長權力運作策略、衝突管理策略與學校效能之關係：微觀政治分析。國立台北師範學院國民教育研究所博士論文，未出版，台北。

胡石明（2004）。國民中學教職員運用微觀政治策略之研究。國立臺灣師範大學教育系碩士論文，未出版，台北。