台灣地區筆記型電腦產品服務系統的環境與經濟績效之研究

The Study of Environmental and Economic Performances for the Product Service System (PSS) of Notebook Computers in Taiwan

劉猷志(Yu-Chih Liu)

指導教授 ： 林盛隆

朝陽科技大學/理工學院/環境工程與管理系/碩士(2010年)

摘要

產品服務系統(Product service system, PSS)是一個持續性的系統，由純販售產品的企業經營模式到純提供服務的企業，除了滿足客戶對產品功能之需求外，亦可透過企業的服務減少產品的產出與銷售，進而減少能資源之使用及污染物的產出；但企業卻也可能因為增加服務功能，而增加公司的成本或其他的環境衝擊。為了有效找出複雜度更高的PSS之環境與經濟績效，本研究運用生命週期評估(Life Cycle Assessment, LCA)、生命週期成本評估(Life Cycle Costing Assessment, LCCA)及生態效益指標(Eco-efficiency Indicators, EEI)三種方法，探討台灣地區筆記型電腦產品服務系統各階段能資源的使用情形及其造成的環境衝擊，並推估生命週期各階段的成本以瞭解其經濟績效，最後以生態效益的概念整合環境與經濟績效，推導出適合PSS的管理指標。在筆記型電腦PSS的案例中，由不同生命週期階段的環境衝擊與成本分析中，可找出可行因應對策，減少環境的衝擊與成本的支出，提昇產品與服務的競爭力，達到企業永續經營最終目的。
研究結果顯示，在筆記型電腦生命週期各階段以使用階段對環境會產生最高衝擊，主要衝擊來自於消耗大量的電力能源，其背後的原因是台灣能源結構的關係，使用化石燃料發電在台灣的電力系統比例較高，造成的環境衝擊約佔61%。在傳統買斷模式中因更換整台產品，使得總環境的衝擊值達114.6 Pt(以Eco-Indicator 99衝擊值表示)，比租賃模式高9.9 Pt，顯示產品服務系統之租賃模式對環境的效益較傳統買斷模式佳。在經濟績效方面，產品服務系統的成本會隨著產品生命週期中所提供的服務增加而提升，但與傳統買斷模式相較之下成本約可減少7.55%，顯示產品服務系統的可行性甚高。在生態效益指標方面，產品服務系統相較於傳統買斷所提升之效益均屬於正面效益。由上述結果可知筆記型電腦的租賃模式在台灣地區是可行的並有環境效益，本研究所發展的環境與經濟績效整合指標可應用在PSS上。

關鍵字

產品服務系統(PSS) ； 環境衝擊 ； 租賃 ； 生態效益指標(EEI) ； 生命週期成本評估(LCCA) ； 生命週期評估(LCA)

並列摘要

Product service system (PSS) is a sequence of system, which provides the tangible products as well as the intangible service business models for companies. The product manufacturers not only satisfy the functional requirements of consumers, but also reduce the consumptions of resources and emissions of pollutants. On the other hand, companies may increase their cost due to the increased service function, accompanied with the increment of environmental impacts. In order to efficiently find the benefits between environment and economy from the more complicated PSS, this study used three methods life cycle assessment (LCA), life cycle costing assessment (LCCA) and eco-efficiency indicators (EEI) of notebook computers in Taiwan product service system. To investigate in Taiwan area of the notebook computers each stage ability the usage situation resource and environmental impact. And extrapolate to estimate LCA each stage the cost in order to understand economic performance. Finally, the environment of the conception integration and economic performance of the in order to eco-efficiency, deduce to PSS suit the management indicators. In the PSS of notebook computers case, by in different life cycle stages of environmental impact and costing analysis, can feasible in accordance to the countermeasure, reduces the environmental impact and the cost disbursement, the promotion product and the service competitive power, achieves the enterprise to continue forever to manage the final goal.
The results indicated that hot environmental spot was identified in the use stage for notebook computers during the life cycle. The major impact comes from to consume a large amount of electrical energy, its behind reason is the relationship of Taiwan’s energy structure, the use of fossil fuel electricity generation occupy a higher proportion of Taiwan’s electrical power systems, caused the environment impact for 61%. The replacement of the entire set of products in the traditional buyout model, make the total environmental impact value 114.6 Pt (Eco-Indicator 99 impact value), compared with the rental model high 9.9 Pt, indicated that product service system of the rental model on the environment better than the traditional buyout model. In terms of economic performance, product service system cost will along with product life cycle the service provided increase and provided to enhance, but with the traditional buyout model the in comparison cost can reduce 7.55% around, indicated that product service system high feasibility. In aspect of eco-efficiency indicators, the product service system compared to traditional buyout model enhance the effectiveness belong to the positive benefits. By the above results indicated of rental model on the notebook computers in Taiwan area is feasible and has environmental benefits, this study development of integrated environmental and economic performance indicators can be applied to PSS.

並列關鍵字

life cycle assessment ； life cycle costing assessment ； eco-efficiency indicators ； product service system ； environmental impact ； rental

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