埃及斑蚊(Aedes aegypti)為傳播登革熱重要病媒蚊之一。本研究針對八種不同作用機制之殺蟲劑,評估其對抗、感品系埃及斑蚊幼蟲之藥效,以瞭解舊型藥劑之抗藥性發生情形及新型藥劑未來使用之潛力。同時利用埃及斑蚊藥效測試結果與國內外往昔研究比較,以瞭解埃及斑蚊,在國內、外對常用殺蟲劑抗藥性發展之特異性,文中另比較埃及斑蚊與另一重要之登革熱病媒蚊-白線斑蚊對相同測試藥劑之藥效及抗藥性,分析種間對藥劑之差異性。研究結果顯示2013年埃及斑蚊對除蟲菊類之Deltamethrin產生高抗藥性,其RR1(以LC50為比較基準)及RR2(以LC90為比較基準)分別為36.8及46.2,其它舊型藥劑如Abamectin、Chlorpyrifos及BTI,其RR1及RR2值均在1.9與3.7之間,而對新作用機制型藥劑如Emamectin benzoate、Indoxacarb、Fipronil、Spinosad,則其RR1及RR2均在0.7至3.3之間,除Indoxacarb產生3倍抗性比值,在未來使用上,宜再加探討,其餘藥劑對埃及斑蚊防治,未來均有應用潛力。歷年對埃及斑蚊及2013年埃及斑蚊對有機磷之Chlorpyrifos及蘇力菌(BTI)藥劑敏感性並無降低現象,唯對除蟲菊之Deltamethrin則有較高之抗藥性。新型藥性Spinosad在國內外均顯現出開發應用之潛力。對白線斑蚊此趨勢大抵相同,唯一重大差異為白線斑蚊對Chlorpyrifos有較高抗藥性,其RR1及RR2分別為5.6及7.9。
Aedes aegypti is one of the major vectors that transmit dengue fever. This study tested the toxicity of eight insecticides against the larvae of susceptive and field strain of Aedes aegypti to monitor the occurrence of resistance to recommended insecticides in this mosquito species in Taiwan and to evaluate the potential use of novel insecticides to control it. The author also compared the results of this study with other past studies in Taiwan and around the world to find out the specific development of resistance of Aedes aegypti to commonly used insecticides around the world. In addition to this, we compared the control efficacy of and resistance to the same insecticides of Aedes aegypti and another key vector of dengue fever - Aedes albopictus, to find out the differences between these two mosquito species and among diffenent strains. The results showed Aedes aegypti is highly resistant to Deltamethrin in 2013, with the resistance ratios RR1 (based on LC50) and RR2 (based on LC90) as high as 36.8 and 46.2, respectively. The RR1 and RR2 values of other recommended control agents such as Abamectin, Chlorpyrifos, and BTI ranged from 1.9 to 3.7. The RR1 and RR2 values of insecticides that with new action mechanisms, Emamectin benzoate, Indoxacarb, Fipronil, and Spinosad, ranged from 0.7 to 3.3. This indicates these insecticides have the potential to be applied to control Aedes aegypti, except Indoxacarb that’s 3 times the resistance ratio . Over the years 2008-2013, Aedes aegypti has developed a high resistance level to Deltamethrin, a pyrethrum, but remains susceptible to Chlorpyrifos, an organophosphate, and Bacillus thuringiensis (BTI) with no resistnce induced. The new insecticide Spinosad shows highly valuable in the control of Aedes aegypti larvae around the world as it always gives low resistance ratio. The efficacy of these insecticides is substantially the same for Aedes albopictus, only differs in Aedes albopictus has a higher resistance to Chlorpyrifos, with a RR1 and RR2 of 5.6 and 7.9, respectively.