本文探討個人「表現」受到「期待」的影響。由於個人在成長與學習的過程中會受到各方面因素影響,包括家庭面、學校面、甚至是對自我的期待。文獻上關於此議題的研究尚缺乏長期資料的觀察,大多只關注短期教育成就的研究,對於比馬龍效應是否存在長期影響還需要更多的研究驗證。因此,本文以台灣教育長期追蹤資料庫與其後續調查進行「期待」對個人表現的研究,期待的部分是父母對子女的教育期待,另外也考量子女自己對自身的教育期待,而個人表現的部分包含短期的教育表現與長期的就業表現,即薪資,來做為研究的變項。本文的實證結果發現,不論是在短期的最高教育程度或是長期的就業薪資,父母期待對子女的長短期表現都有顯著的正向影響,而令人意外的是,子女自身的自我期待在長短期表現上也呈現顯著正向影響,且其影響程度更甚於父母期待的影響力。換句話說,個人的表現受到父母期待影響,但個人對自身的期待有著更大的長短期效果。每個人的教育與就業成就有較大的部分是來自於自我實現,因此對自己有較高的自我期待最後也能促使自己有較好的表現。
This study investigates the influence of “expectations” on personal “performance.” The processes of growing up and learning for individuals are affected by various factors, including their family, school, and even self-expectations. However, the literature research on this topic is still lack of long-term observations, and most of literature only focused on short-term educational achievements. It need more research to verify the long-term effect of the Pygmalion effect. In this study, we use Taiwan Education Panel Survey and its extended survey on the labor market to examine the influence of expectations on personal performance. The expectations are parental educational expectation on their children and children’s self-education expectations, and the performance includes children’s short-term educational performance and long-term employment performance. Our empirical results show that parental expectation has significant impact on both of children’s education levels and salary in the labor market. Surprisingly, children self-expectation also has a significant positive impact on long-term or short-term performance, and its influence even larger than the effects of parental expectations. In other words, personal performance will be influenced by the parental expectation, but personal self-expectation has a greater impact on the long and short-term performance.The results represent personal education and job achievement are kinds of self-fulfilling, so that a higher self-expectation you have, the better performance that you will display.