照顧工作以往都是家庭內的事,也都以家庭式的照顧為主,但隨著社會變遷、女性進入勞動市場,家庭外的公共托育服務因應而生,照顧不再侷限於單一托育模式。因此,我們將從微視、中介以及宏觀等相關因素,來探討這些因素如何影響育兒家庭的托育決策,進而選擇祖父母照顧模式。 本研究採質性訪談10戶育有0-2歲幼兒,並由祖父母提供照顧的育兒家庭。透過訪談逐步刻劃出祖父母照顧孫子女的樣貌。多數幼兒家長選擇祖父母的照顧還是受到照顧偏好、就業限制、居住狀態、育兒資源、經濟條件、托育制度等因素所影響。再者,祖父母提供照顧之後,解決幼兒家長的育兒困境,卻也產生照顧責任分配、教養觀念所帶來的不同世代的差異性。 研究結果發現祖父母照顧型態逐漸增加的趨勢是受到個人與家庭條件的限制,祖父母是相對其他托育方式較經濟實惠、信任安心的照顧方式。制度與育兒政策影響的效果在本研究中並不顯著,僅具貼補性質的功能。因而,本研究建議在祖父母照顧孫子女的區塊,政府在政策規劃上能增加貼近民意的多樣化服務、創造優質的托育服務。
Childcare, which has been the responsibility of the family members and in the past exclusively happened inside the home, is not limited to one type anymore due to social change and participation of female in the labor force. Out-of-home childcare service has developed. For this reason, we discuss how micro-, meso- and macro-system factors influence the parents’ decision-making to choose grandparent childcare. This study takes qualitative method interviewing ten families with babies, ages 0-2, taken care of by the grandparents to gradually depict the look how grandparents care for their grandchildren. Most parents, influenced by factors like preferences, occupations, living patterns, financial conditions, childcare resources and system etc., choose grandparents as care givers. Moreover, on the one hand, grandparents as care providers help parents tackle childcare dilemma, but on the other hand, it also brings about the intergenerational differences in division of responsibilities and upbringing of children. It was discovered that the trend of increasing grandparent childcare, relatively economical and trustworthy, is restricted by personal and family condition. The effect of childcare system and polices, which only has subsidiary function, is not apparent here. Consequently, this study suggests the government formulate polices on the basis of grandparent childcare to increase diversified and close-to-public-opinion service and to create high-quality childcare service.