近幾年來,受到國內性別比例逐漸上升及全球國際化趨勢影響,台灣男性在無法尋找到適當結婚對象時,逐漸開始嘗試由國外尋找合適配偶。根據內政部戶政司統計資料顯示,國內外籍及大陸籍配偶人數正不斷增加中,台灣儼然成為一個小型移民社會。而外籍及大陸籍配偶來台後,對台灣經濟社會造成不少衝擊,多數跨國婚姻婦女所組成家庭社經地位較低階且收入較少,政府如何保障其就業行為,增加跨國婚姻婦女就業技能及提供工作機會,已成為現今重要社會福利議題之一。 本研究利用內政部所辦理2003年「外籍及大陸籍配偶生活需求調查」及2008年「外籍及大陸籍配偶生活狀況調查」,以15至65歲女性配偶為研究對象,利用差異中的差異(Difference-in-Differences) 估計方法作為實證模型,分析2004年政府實施就業協助方案對其就業率的影響,並進一步將樣本依照樣本特性分群。結果顯示,在未控制住其他變數影響情況下,政策對總樣本有顯著影響;若進一步分析不同樣本時,發現中部地區政策明顯有正向影響,其他地區之差異中差異值則為負值;而丈夫就業形態部分,丈夫無工作之樣本政策對其無顯著影響;在丈夫職別部分,丈夫從事工業者,政策對其有顯著影響。 在進一步控制住可能影響就業之因素下,分析結果發現,政策顯著對總樣本就業率有顯著影響效果,實驗組外籍及大陸籍配偶兩年就業率上升幅度明顯大於就業組,而其幅度小於未控制其它變數設定下之結果;而在分群樣本下,無論是由居住地區分群,或由丈夫就業形態分群,其正負向結果皆與未控制其它變數設定下一致。不同的是,影響幅度減少,顯示在控制住其它變數下,部分影響就業率因素,是來自於外籍或大陸籍外籍配偶社經變數的影響,而並非政府實施就業協助政策帶來之效果。
Due to the increase in sex ratio toward men for the past few decades, Taiwan had suffered from the shortages of bridges. In recent years, foreign brides increase rapidly. According to the official government data, the brides in one out of every five Taiwanese marriages have been non-Taiwanese. Cross-border marriages had became the most popular issue in Taiwan. This study examines the impacts of the “foreign and mainland china spouses employment assistance programs” on the labor supply decision of the foreign and mainland china spouses. We conducted an empirical analysis using the data drawn from the 2003 Survey of Foreign and Mainland Spouses’ Life Status and the 2008 Survey of Foreign and Mainland Spouses’ Life Status. The difference-in-differences method was utilized for model estimation. The estimation results indicate that under the analysis of the unconditional DID case, the labor participant ratio of foreign spouses increase after the implementation of the policy. The policy has a significant effect on foreign spouses who lived in central Taiwan or married a husband engaged in industrial sectors .On the other hand, under the conditional DID analysis, the estimation results are robust as the findings in the unconditional DID cases, but the magnitudes of the effects are smaller. This result indicates that the cause of raising included policy effect, family background, human capital, and other personal characteristics.