醫學的發達與經濟的穩定,促使全球化高齡社會的到來,含括人本關懷與環境觀念的通用設計 (Universal Design) ,將設計回歸到滿足個體價值的思維,UD成為未來設計趨勢。然就在產品設計應用上,以UD量表進行設計評價,則尚未與造形設計要素間有一適切且客觀之研究模式。 本研究透過PPP評價方式,針對現有傘架使用性之UD達成度進行分析研究,並以因素分析、數量化Ⅰ類等統計方法修正起始之PPP量表,且確立傘架UD造形設計要素,其研究結果顯示如下:(1) 由改良式PPP量表萃取後之重要傘架UD原則分為四大主成份,亦即「確保容易使用的大小與空間」、「任何人都可公平地使用」及「盡量減輕使用時身體的負擔」構成的第一主成份;其餘二三四主成份依次為「即使以錯誤的方法使用也不會引起事故並能回復原狀」、「使用方法簡單且容易理解」以及「品質優良且美觀」。(2) 符合較高UD達成度對之造形要素相關性依序為:外觀樣式為方柱形、一體成形組合、非規則形傘孔、較厚實之視覺份量 (體積比)、放置1-8支傘、合併汲水盤、傘孔間距大於2.1 cm以上,並納入受測者意見,考慮可同時放置折傘與立傘。驗證結果顯示新傘架的UD有明顯的提升,本研究發展之評估研究模式能提供未來UD研究,及設計實務適切且有效之設計參考依據。
In combination of Human, Product, Environment, Object and Manufacturing, the application of Universal Design needs systematically practice rather than conceptual research and discussion. How to implement UD exactly into Product Design becomes an important issue. The study focuses on PPP (Product Performance Program) evaluation progress applied to umbrella stand in use of analysis on the extent of UD achievement throughout statistical approaches include Factor Analysis, Hayashi’s Quantitative Theory Type I, etc. to modify the original PPP survey scale; in the other hand, Form Design factors were also established clearly. The results indicate: (1) Essential UD principles were extracted from improved PPP survey scale into 4 principle factors: “Size and space for approach and use,” “Equitable use,” “Low physical effort” compose Factor 1. Factor 2, 3 and 4 are “Tolerance for error,” “Simple and intuitive use” and “Fine quality and aesthetics” respectively. (2) Correlation ranking of key Form factors with higher UD expectation for umbrella stand usability contains: rectangular prism shape in exterior, one-by-form, unrestricted hole shape, stronger visual weight, 1~8 umbrella capacity, merged water tray, hole clearance up to 2.1 cm, with consideration to design place for folding umbrellas. The UD achievements of verification umbrella stand design also reveals progressing. In consequence the Improved UD Evaluation Model built in this study provides substantial availability and applicability in application of product design development progress.