台灣地區1946-86年家庭與社會機構間病人、幼兒與老人照顧責任的相互轉移

The Shift of Health Care Responsibilities between the Family and Social Institutions in Taiwan, 1946-86

季瑋珠(Wei-Chu Chie) ； 楊志良(Chih-Liang Yaung)

《中華民國公共衛生學會雜誌》 9卷3期 (1989/09) Pp. 138-146

https://doi.org/10.6288/JNPHARC1989-09-03-03

摘要

本研究以貳次資料分析法，探討了政府出版品統計資料中，台灣自光復以來，「病人、幼兒與老人照顧」工作在「家庭」與「社會機構」之間相互轉移的長期趨勢。本研究的「健康照顧」包含了：1.（住院）病人照顧，以每萬人口病牀數為指標，2.幼兒照顧，以每萬適齡幼兒幼稚園數及適齡幼兒就學率為指標，3.老人（安養）照顧，以每十萬老年人口安養院數及每千老年人口受安養數為指標。結果發現「住院病人照顧」及「幼兒照顧」，均自民國60年代起，出現明顯的「社會機構取代家庭」的現象，「老人照顧」則不但無此現象，其取代程度反而自民國47-50年的高峯後便漸漸下際，60年代初期下降最快。本研究討論了可能的原因，預測了未來的趨勢，並作政策上的建議。

並列摘要

In this study, secondary analysis was performed to investigate the shift of health care responsibilities between the family and social institution in Taiwan since 1946 to 1986, based on the official statistics. The index of ”health care” in the study included: 1. Acute patient care: acute beds per 10,000 population, 2. Preschool child care: kindergartens per 10,000 preschoolers of proper ages, and percentage of these children attending kindergartens, 3. Care of the aged people: institutions per 100,000 people above 65, and the institution rate of them. The result showed that there were prominent shifts from the family to social institutions since 1970s in Taiwan in the category of acute patient care and preschool child care, while in the care of aged people, the shift was at first increased in 1950s and decreased, especially in the early 1970s. The possible reason the future trends and the limitations of this study were discussed, and some suggestions was proposed to the health policy makers.

並列關鍵字

Patient Care ； Child Care ； Homes for the Aged ； Health Care Systems