出瓶光度與培植時期對數種天南星科植物組培苗出瓶後生長之影響

Effects of Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density during ex vitro Acclimatization and Duration of Culture in vitro on the Growth of Several Micropropagated Ariod Plantlets

褚昱均(Yu-Chun Chu)

指導教授 ： 葉德銘

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/園藝學研究所/碩士(2004年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2004.02080

摘要

本研究針對數種台灣常見的天南星科觀葉植物，利用組培苗出瓶後以不同光強度馴化，和組培苗經過不同瓶內培植週數後出瓶，探討對組培苗出瓶生長的影響。期望尋找適合各種類的馴化光度範圍和培植週數，以利培植體的後續生長。
在出瓶後馴化光度處理中，試驗組培苗出瓶置於25±1℃之育苗室，每日分別處理16小時之80、130、200或250 μmol m-2 s-1光度馴化60-70天，再經過溫室栽培90-120天調查後期之生長狀況。結果顯示組培苗出瓶之適宜光度，綠精靈合果芋為130-200 μmol m-2 s-1，其生長表現較低光處理者佳。小天使蔓綠絨以200 μmol m-2 s-1處理者，生長表現最佳；而以更高光度250 μmol m-2 s-1處理則有生長表現及存活率較差的情況。‘Black Diamond’觀音蓮以130 μmol m-2 s-1處理，存活率和生長表現最佳。白馬粗肋草組培苗以130 μmol m-2 s-1處理生長表現最佳，以200 μmol m-2 s-1處理者則光度過高，於出瓶70天內其植株乾重幾無增加。‘Tropic Marianne’ 和Star Bright’ 黛粉葉‘以80 μmol m-2 s-1處理即可得良好的生長情況。
以非破壞性的葉綠素螢光測量方式，可監測出瓶初期光馴化期間，組培苗是否有光抑制發生。組培苗在瓶內形成之葉片，在出瓶初期Fv /Fm值皆為下降趨勢，之後為回復的趨勢；處理光度越高測值越低。綠精靈合果芋之Fv /Fm值在出瓶5天後下降至0.6，可於出瓶10天後回復。小天使蔓綠絨出瓶時為0.64最低，於出瓶1天後即可上升。‘Black Diamond’觀音蓮以200 μmol m-2 s-1處理者之Fv /Fm值，在出瓶7天後下降至0.67，可於出瓶14天後回復。白馬粗肋草在出瓶1天後下降至0.64，於出瓶第2天後回復，但以200 μmol m-2 s-1處理者之後呈下降趨勢。在200 μmol m-2 s-1處理下‘Tropic Marianne’ 黛粉葉Fv /Fm值降至0.55，‘Star Bright’黛粉葉降至0.64；之後無法回復至正常值。參試植物在瓶內形成葉片之蒸散速率和氣孔導度，在出瓶初期皆有由較高值急速下降的情形。

不同培植週數出瓶試驗中， 白馬粗肋草培植20週者在瓶中形成葉片的淨光合作用速率測值較培植14-18週者為高，有利於出瓶的生長。出瓶後植株的乾重累積情形，以培植20週者增加速率較快；培植14至18週者次之；培植22至24週者則在出瓶後乾重累積速度緩慢。矮生觀音蓮植株生長表現，以12週最佳；培植6週與8週者乾重增加的趨勢相似均較差；瓶內培植至14週時，出瓶後乾重累積較12週差。

關鍵字

觀葉植物 ； 組織培養苗 ； 光馴化 ； 出瓶馴化 ； 葉綠素螢光

並列摘要

Effects of photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) during ex vitro acclimatization and duration of culture in vitro were studied on the growth of several micropropagated ariod plantlets. The aims were to determine the proper acclimating PPF ranges and duration of culture in vitro for the aroids which could promote the subsequent growth of plantlets after transferring.
In the PPFD experiments, the plantlets were transplanted to soilless mix and placed in a growth room at a temperature of 25±1℃ under cool-white fluorescent light providing 16 h daily photosynthetic photon flux density of 80, 130, 200 or 250 μmol m-1s-1. After having acclimatized for 60 to 70 days in the growth room, the plantlets were then transferred to a shaded greenhouse for 90-120 days and their growth was measured. Plantlets of Syngonium ‘Pixie’ under 130 to 200 μmol m-2 s-1 during acclimatization grew better than those under 80 μmol m-2 s-1. For Philodendron selloum ‘Xanadu’, maximum subsequent growth occurred at 200 μmol m-2 s-1, while higher PPFD at 250 μmol m-2 s-1 treatment reduced dry weight and survival percentage. The PPFD at 130 μmol m-2 s-1 resulted in maximum dry weight and survival percentage in Alocasia reginula ‘Black Diamond’. For Aglaonema ‘White Tip’, the optimal PPFD was 130 μmol m-2 s-1 while the plantlets under 200 μmol m-2 s-1 during acclimatization had little subsequent growth after transferring for 70 days. The optimal PPFD during ex vitro acclimatization for Dieffenbachia ‘Tropic Marianne’ and ‘Star Bright’ was 80 μmol m-2 s-1.
During ex vitro acclimatization, the photoinhibition of micropropagated plantlets could be measured by chlorophyll fluorescence, a nondestructive measurement technique. All the Fv/Fm values in the in vitro formed leaf of the tested aroids decreased in the early period after transplanting to soilless mix, and then increased thereafter. The lowest Fv/Fm value in Syngonium ‘Pixie’ was 0.6 on day 3 after transplanting and the value increased to 0.75-0.8, considered as unstressed status on day 10. For Philodendron ‘Xanadu’, the Fv/Fm value decreased to 0.64 at transplanting but increased and recovered on day 1. Minimum Fv/Fm value of 0.67 was measured in Alocasia ‘Black Diamond’ at 200 μmol m-2 s-1, and the Fv/Fm increased and recovered on day 14. The lowest Fv/Fm value in Aglaonema ‘White Tip’ was 0.64 on day 1 after transplanting, and recovered on day 2, while this value decreased again in the 200 μmol m-2 s-1 treatment. High PPFD at 200 μmol m-2 s-1 greatly reduced the Fv/Fm values in Dieffenbachia ‘Tropic Marianne’ and ‘Star Bright’ to 0.55 and 0.64, respectively, clearly exhibiting photoinhibition and the Fv/Fm values did not increase to unstressed range afterwards. For all the aroids tested, the stomatal conductance and transpiration rate values in the in vitro formed leaf were high in the early stage after transplanting to soilless mix, and then decreased dramatically.
For Aglaonema ‘White Tip’, maximum growth occurred in the 20-week-old plantlets in vitro. The in vitro formed leaf of 20-week-old plantlets had higher photosynthetic rate than the 14 to 18-week-old plantlets. For Alocasia ‘Dwarf Amazonica’, the 12-week-old plantlets in vitro had greater growth than did the 10 or 14-week-old plantlets. The 6 to 8-week-old plantlets accumulated dry weight slowly after transferring.

並列關鍵字

Leaf cuticle ； Photosynthesis ； In vitro and ex vitro growth ； Acclimatization ； Micropropagation ； Photoinhibition ； Hardening ； Carbon metabolism ； Sucrose and starch metabolism ； Plant tissue culture ； Chlorophyll fluorescence

參考文獻

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