逼實意象模式及動機意象型態之應用：以高中射箭選手為例

Application of PETTLEP Imagery and Motivational Imagery Type: A Case Study on Senior High School Archers

林啟賢(Chi-Hsian Lin)

《大專體育學刊》 19卷4期 (2017/12) Pp. 341-360

https://doi.org/10.5297/ser.1904.004

摘要

本研究目的在整合Martin, Moritz, and Hall的心智意象在運動的應用模式和Holmes and Collins的逼實(physical, environment, task, timing, learning, emotion, perceptive, PETTLEP)意象模式做為研究架構，探討不同動機意象型態結合逼實意象介入對高中優秀射箭選手自信心、狀態性焦慮及正面情緒的作用。以五名高中射箭選手為對象，並用單一受試者多重基準線A-B設計進行實驗介入。基礎期間（A期）不介入任何意象訓練，僅藉由問卷測量瞭解實驗參與者狀態自信心、狀態焦慮及情緒情形。經過基礎期至少八次測量後，接著進入介入期（B期）。介入期間則以一般支配動機意象(motivational general-mastery, MG-M)、一般覺醒動機意象(motivational general-arousal, MG-A)結合逼實意象模式進行介入，以瞭解受試者在經過介入後各變項之變化情形。介入期間，受試者聆聽完意象指導語及進行意象練習後，隨即填寫三份問卷及進行射箭技能測量。實驗結束後，以社會效度問卷瞭解受試者之意象介入情形。所得資料以視覺分析法及C統計法進行資料分析，以探討意象介入之實際效益。研究結果顯示，逼實意象模式結合MG-A 及MG-M動機意象型態，能夠有效降低運動選手焦慮水準，亦能在五位運動選手中提升四位的正面情緒及提升三位的自信心。因此，研究結論為，逼實意象結合動機意象型態使用，能夠有效提升高中射箭選手的心理素質。

關鍵字

意象介入 ； 單一受試者多重基準線 ； 視覺分析

並列摘要

This purpose of this research was to combine Martin, Moritz, and Hall's sport imagery model and Holmes and Collins' PETTLEP model to examine its synergetic effects on senior high school archers' self-confidence, anxiety and positive emotions. We recruited five senior high school archers and assigned them into an A-B single-subject multiple baseline experiments. During the baseline period (period A), participants received no imagery training but only measured 8 times of self-confidence, anxiety and emotions. During the intervention (period B), participants accepted PETTLEP combined with MG-M and MG-A imagery training. Sport imagery model-participants listened to imagery scripts and proceeded into imagery practicing. Furthermore, during the intervention period, the participants were measured by a battery of psychological measures and archery performance. After experiment (period C), participants were measured by social validity survey to examine the effect of imagery intervention. Further, a C-statistic analysis was used to analyze the effects of imagery intervention. Based on the results, we found that the combination of PETTLEP imagery and sport mental imagery model reduced the anxiety in all participants, enhanced the positive emotions in 4 out of 5, and increased the self-confidence in 3 out of 5 participants. It was concluded that PETTLEP imagery combined with sport imagery model enhanced archers' psychological quality.

並列關鍵字

imagery intervention ； single-subject multiple-baseline ； visual analysis

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