未婚男女之性別角色態度與婚姻態度研究

STUDY ON GENDER ROLE ATTITUDE AND MARITAL ATTITUDE OF UNMARRIED MALES AND FEMALES

蔡宗和(Tsung-Ho Tsai)

指導教授 ： 沈幼蓀

國立臺北大學/社會科學學院/社會學系/碩士(2010年)

摘要

台灣歷經社會環境變遷，男女婚配結構產生重大變化，家庭結構與組成趨於多元。根據內政部統計，國人平均初婚年齡迭創新高。這些人為什麼找不到合適的結婚對象？為什麼晚婚或是選擇不婚？「他」或「她」又是抱持著何種婚姻態度？本研究以2006年「台灣社會變遷基本調查計畫」第五期第二次家庭組問卷的資料，擷取其中單身未婚樣本574名進行分析，根據相關文獻之論述，考量年齡、省籍族群、教育程度、固定工作與宗教信仰等代表個人特質之社會人口變項，進一步探討性別、性別角色態度與婚姻態度之間的關聯性。研究發現：整體而言，未婚男女的性別角色態度與婚姻態度，多傾向非傳統保守。兩性相較，除了結婚對象，女性認為先生年齡應長於太太，態度較傳統外，其餘態度比較上，男性顯然較女性傾向傳統刻板的態度。性別與性別角色態度是影響婚姻態度的重要因素，「性別」對「夫妻年齡應男大女小」的影響程度比其他變項相對重要，亦即未婚女性傳統地認為年長的丈夫，或許方有能力讓婚姻關係更加緊密。不論是「婚後要有小孩」或「已婚女人較快樂」，未婚男性或認同「妻子應以丈夫事業為優先」的未婚者，基本上是屬於婚姻態度傳統的一群，因此會比較傾向抱持正向的評價。至於同意「妻子應以丈夫事業為優先」的未婚者，則傾向認同「結婚比單身好」。

關鍵字

性別角色態度 ； 婚姻態度

並列摘要

Having experienced much social changes, the marital structure of males and females in Taiwan has encountered a significant change, featuring a pluralist trend on family structure and formation. According to the statistics data of the Ministry of Interior, the average first-marriage-age of our males and females has continuously climbed high. Why are people finding it difficult to find someone for marriage? Why do they choose to marry late or to be single? What marital attitude exactly does “he” or “she” have in mind? This study is based on the Taiwan Social Change Survey (TSCS) in 2006. Out of the available samples, 574 samples of unmarried individuals were selected for further analysis. After reviewing relevant literatures, our analysis focuses on the correlation among gender, gender role and marriage via several factors that can represent individual personality variables, including age, ethnic groups, educational background, stable work status and religious belief. The results are as follows: Generally speaking, the attitude of unmarried males and females towards gender role and marriage largely appears to be less traditional. But, if comparing males with females, it appears that other than the traditional preference of females wanting a husband older than them, males maintain a more traditional and stereotypical view. Gender and gender role are two deciding factors to the marital attitude. As compared to other variables, “gender” has a comparatively important effect on the belief that “a husband should be older than his wife.” This suggests that unmarried females traditionally believe an older husband perhaps can better secure a sound marriage. Whether they support “it is better to have children after marriage” or “a married woman is much happier,” the unmarried males and those who agree that “a wife should put her husband’s career first” basically belong to the group holding a traditional attitude towards marriage. Accordingly, they tend to give a more positive value to marriage. As to those who agree that “a wife should put her husband’s career first,” may believe that “to be married is better than to be single.”

並列關鍵字

gender role attitude ； marital attitude

參考文獻

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