監視錄影系統之犯罪預防實證研究－以桃園縣為例

An Empirical Study on Crime Prevention by Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV)─A Case Study in Taoyuan County

吳坤旭(Wu,Kun-Hsu)

指導教授 ： 許春金

國立臺北大學/社會科學學院/犯罪學研究所/碩士(2011年)

摘要

桃園縣政府警察局從2002年開始建置「天羅地網」監視錄影系統，迄2010年共完成361處監控點，3109支攝影機。根據官方統計資料，雖就整體而言桃園縣全般刑案隨著轄內監視錄影系統之增加而呈現減少的趨勢，惟就單一地點設置之監視錄影系統對預防犯罪究竟有無成效仍待實證研究。
本研究從2009年新增建置之40處監控點中抽樣選取5處監控點，44支攝影機作為實驗組，另考量地區特性及各項可能影響犯罪之因素後，採用「配對設計」方式選取五處未建置監視錄影系統之區域作為控制組，設定實驗組及控制組內對犯罪發生會造成影響之各種主客觀條件並無明顯改變狀況之下，蒐集實驗組與控制組區域內，在監視錄影系統建置前兩年（2007及2008年）、建置當年（2009年）及後一年（2010年），有關暴力犯罪（含強盜、搶奪、故意殺人、恐嚇取財、重傷害、擄人勒贖及強制性交）、一般住宅竊盜及汽、機車竊盜等三類犯罪發生數據，利用GIS地理資訊系統標示案件發生地點，並以實驗組內監控點之獨立桿及控制組內明顯之地標為中心，分別劃設半徑200、400及600公尺為實驗區範圍，比較建置前後三類犯罪發生之數據變化，觀察有無產生犯罪預防之效應，藉以實證監視錄影系統對預防犯罪之成效。
研究發現（1）「不同年度的差異性分析」結果2007-2010年間，無論是「暴力犯罪」、「一般及住宅竊盜」或「汽、機車竊盜」的發生數，都沒有因裝設CCTV而有明顯差異。（2）「建置前後差異性分析」結果2008與2009年比較，在實驗組部份，CCTV對於「暴力犯罪」未有明顯防制效果；200公尺內「一般及住宅竊盜」發揮防制效果；200及400公尺內「汽、機車竊盜」發揮防制效果。在控制組部份，無論是「暴力犯罪」、「一般及住宅竊盜」以及「汽、機車竊盜」發生數均未有明顯差異。（3）「實驗組與控制組差異性分析」結果在200公尺、400公尺、600公尺範圍內，CCTV建置前後對該三類犯罪，均未有明顯差異。
本研究也討論了研究發現與犯罪理論的關係，及CCTV設置的原則。
關鍵詞：監視錄影系統、犯罪預防、CCTV

關鍵字

監視錄影系統 ； 犯罪預防 ； CCTV

並列摘要

Whether it is the ubiquitous cameras featured in the Hollywood movie “The Truman Show”, the impressive high-tech surveillance equipment in “Enemy of the State”, or actual criminal cases in Taiwan in recent years, such as the Raging Bull beverage poisoning in Taichung City and the “Rice Bomber” in Taipei City, the surveillance camera system has played an important role in solving crimes. The UK introduced such a system in 1975 in order to maintain law and order, putting Londoners under watch with a total of 500,000 or so security cameras. That is, every 14 people out of the 7.2 million people living in London are spied on by a security camera, with the entire city under surveillance every day by 30 security systems that contain a combined 300 cameras. In 1998, Taiwan’s government, likewise, launched “The Establishment of Community Security Maintenance System around Taiwan: The Project of Vigilance by Community Members” and has since continued to systematically install surveillance cameras in various public places.
In 2002, the Taoyuan County Police Bureau launched an extensive surveillance network called the "Envelopment System” and in 2010 had completed the installation of 3,109 cameras at a total of 361 surveillance sites. Although government data indicates that the overall crime rate in Taoyuan County dropped as more and more security cameras were installed, further empirical evidence is required to determine if surveillance cameras really help to prevent crimes at a single location. The experimental group in this research consists of 44 cameras at 5 surveillance sites randomly selected out of the 40 sites set up in 2008. The “matched-pairs design” was adopted to randomly select 5 locations that were not covered by any security camera system to form the control group, with regional differences and crime-affecting factors taken into account. Given the assumption that crime-affecting factors do not significantly differ in the experimental and control groups, the researcher scrutinized both groups for data concerning violent crimes (i.e., robbery, hold-up, intentional homicide, extortion, aggravated assault, kidnapping and rape), general burglary and motor vehicle theft during three periods of time: the year before the surveillance camera installation (2007), the installation year (2008) and the ensuing two years (2009-2010). With the crime scenes marked via a Geographic Information System (GIS), experimental zones were set up within 200, 400 and 600-meter radii of the independent poles on which surveillance cameras were mounted and the landmarks in the control groups. By comparing the statistics regarding the abovementioned crime types before and after installation, this research presents empirical evidence to determine if surveillance camera systems do in fact serve as an effective crime prevention tool.

Keywords: surveillance camera system, crime prevention, CCTV

並列關鍵字

surveillance camera system ； crime prevention ； CCTV

參考文獻

周愫嫻，1999，＜少年犯罪的空間模式－地點與距離的分析＞。《犯罪學期刊》4：83-166。

桃園縣政府警察局，2010，《桃園縣警政要覽》9。

王文忠，2002，《住宅竊盜被害與預防之研究》，中正大學犯罪防治研究所碩士論文。

林紹鈞，2008，《資訊社會下資訊隱私權之研究－以公共場所設置監視錄影器為例》，淡江大學公共行政學系公共政策學系碩士論文。

游宏德，2006，《桃園縣國民中學校園監視錄影系統之相關研究》，國立高雄師範大學工業科技教育學系碩士論文。