場模式模擬於商務飯店火災之應用

Application of Field model Simulation in Business Hotel Fire

許宏安(Hung-An Hsu)

指導教授 ： 林誠興

元智大學/工程學院/機械工程學系/碩士(2009年)

https://doi.org/10.6838/YZU.2009.00002

摘要

都會區人口集中使得火災發生的機會增加，而當火災發生在商務飯店時也更容易造成人員傷亡、財產損失等災情，所耗費掉的社會成本相當可觀。但進行火災相關的實驗需耗費大量的研究人力、經費，因此利用已成熟的數值模擬技術，運用電腦模擬軟體來研究火場中的變化，不但節省大量的人力、物力，更可把火場中的變化量化，以更容易比對的方式，分析了解高溫、濃煙、閃燃…等等火場現象。
分析歷年火災統計資料發現，1.電氣設備所引起的火災為主要火災成因，2.人口密集的都會區縣市，火災次數遠高於其他縣市3.火焰灼燒與有害氣體為主要的傷亡因素。因此，本研究採用場模式模擬軟體Fire Dynamics Simulator（FDS）分析有上述特性的商務飯店火災。研究火場中溫度場、濃度場之分佈與變化，針對不同的參數改變，探討火災可能的成因以及相關參數對火災的影響，以瞭解各參數對人員逃生有何影響，提供飯店防火規劃上之參考。
本研究的模擬結果以完全使用防火建材對增加逃生時間的幫助最大，而部份使用防火建材對抑制溫度上升有幫助但對降低CO濃度則成效不彰。而撒水頭分佈密度比出水量所造成的影響更為顯著。

關鍵字

火災 ； 場模式 ； FDS

並列摘要

The probability of fire incident increased with the concentrated city population, and when the fire broke out in the business hotel which will be more easily leading to human casualties, property damage and other losses, the wasted social cost is considerable as well. However, to carry out fire-related experiments needs a lot of manpower and funds. Therefore, a ripe numerical simulation technology, and computer simulation software has been used to study the changes in the fire, which not only save a lot of manpower and material resources, but also quantify the fire changes to get an easier way of compare/ analysis for understanding the heat, smoke, the fire flashover phenomenon ... and so on.
Fire statistical analysis over the years found that, 1. Electrical equipment induced fire is the main cause of fire, 2. The densely populated city districts, fire frequency is much higher than other counties and cities 3. Flame ignition and toxic gas is the main factors which lead to casualties. Therefore, Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) field mode software has been proposed in this study for investigating/ analyzing the above characteristics of a business hotel fire. This study has discussed on the temperature and smoke field as well as the distribution and concentration of fire changes. The changes for different parameters are offered to explore the possible causes of fires and the impact of related parameters on fire, in order to understand the impact of various parameters on the staff to escape and provide a reference for hotel to design fire prevention planning.
The simulation results present that fully use of the fireproof building materials might help extending the escape time, and partial use of fireproof materials will help reducing the CO concentration but is ineffective. The density distribution of sprinkler heads which create more significant impact than the discharge of water does.

並列關鍵字

Fire ； Field model ； FDS

參考文獻

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