馬蹄蛤對於大白鼠脂質代謝之影響

Effect of Geloina eros on lipid Metabolism in Sprague-Dawley rat

蘇媺惠(Mei-Hui Su)

指導教授 ： 葉彥宏

中山醫學大學/健康管理學院/健康餐飲暨產業管理學系碩士班/碩士(2015年)

https://doi.org/10.6834/CSMU.2015.00128

摘要

高血脂症所造成的動脈粥狀硬化等心血管疾病日益嚴重，而高膽固醇血症更是冠狀動脈受損之主要危險因素，倘若能降低血中過高的膽固醇濃度，則可減少罹患心血管疾病之風險。馬蹄蛤富含蛋白質及營養物質，雖然其與臺灣蜆的基因序列有著顯著性的差異，不過其也同臺灣蜆一般具有護肝之效果。因此，本研究之目的首先探討馬蹄蛤及其水解物之抗氧化能力，再將馬蹄蛤水萃物（GE）與抗氧化能力較佳的水解物以高膽固醇飲食誘發高血脂之Sprague-Dawley（SD）大白鼠為實驗模式進行探討其降血脂之功效，並與臺灣蜆水萃物（CF）一起進行比較。在第一部分之抗氧化試驗結果顯示，GE有最佳之DPPH （2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate）自由基清除能力；於還原能力之部分，是以複合蛋白酶水解一小時之馬蹄蛤水解物（P1）、鹼性蛋白酶水解五小時之馬蹄蛤水解物（A5）與GE效果較佳；而於抑制銅離子誘導人類LDL氧化反應之部分，則是以A5之延遲LDL氧化能力為最好；由此得知，酵素的水解能使馬蹄蛤更具延緩LDL氧化之能力，可防止氧化的LDL經一連串變化形成泡沫細胞而附著在血管壁上堆積成脂肪斑塊。在第二部分之動物試驗結果顯示，同樣都是高膽固醇飲食的大鼠中，灌食GE、CF、P1及A5的組別之大鼠血液中膽固醇含量均顯著（p＜0.05）降低，分別較高膽固醇飲食控制組（C）降低了37%、33%、35%及33%，此外，結果亦顯示GE、CF、P1及A5等分別能提升63%、53%、54%及53% 之HDL含量並均能降低95% 之LDL含量，在血液抗氧化酵素方面，證實GE、CF、P1及A5能提升血液中超氧化歧化酶（SOD）、麩胱甘肽過氧化酶（GSH-Px）及麩胱甘肽還原酶（GSH-Rd）之活性，其中以GE之效果最為優異，且TBARS結果顯示GE亦能顯著的（p＜0.05）降低其血中脂質過氧化物的含量。在各組動物肝臟中結果顯示，灌食GE、CF、P1及A5組別老鼠的肝中膽固醇含量顯著（p＜0.05）較C組分別減少了64%、53%、47% 及47%，除了A5組之外，其餘三組GE、CF及P1組的肝中TBARS含量皆顯著（p＜0.05）降低，而在這當中成果最好的GE組亦具有顯著（p＜0.05）提高肝中SOD活性，除此之外，在GE組動物的糞便中顯示出顯著（p＜0.05）含有較高的膽固醇，此膽固醇含量高達C組的2倍之多，另外，在GE、CF、P1及A5等組別之肝臟切片中，結果顯示脂肪空泡明顯有變小且變少的現象，顯示此四種樣品均能改善高膽固醇飲食所造成的脂肪空泡現象，綜合以上的結果，證實了馬蹄蛤具有抗氧化、降血脂與護肝等良好功效，並且認為馬蹄蛤具有預防動脈粥狀硬化的潛力，期望未來可應用於預防動脈粥狀硬化之降血脂保健食品之開發。

關鍵字

馬蹄蛤 ； 抗氧化 ； 降血脂 ； 水解物 ； 大鼠

並列摘要

Hyperlipidemia lead to atherosclerosis worse like as cardiovascular disease, and hypercholesterolemia is a major factor of risk that caused coronary artery damage. When decrease level of cholesterol would be reduce risk of cardiovascular disease. Geloina eros has rich in protein and nutrients, even if the genetic sequence which between Geloina eros and Corbicula fluminea were differences but Geloina eros has hepatoprotective effects like as Corbicula fluminea. The study was purpose evaluate the antioxidant capacity of hydrolyzate complex which from Geloina eros. This study used animal model which were induced by high cholesterol diet hyperlipidemia of Sprague-Dawley（SD）rats with Corbicula fluminea（CF）complex to intervention. The results of the first part study was antioxidant experiment, the study showed up GE was the most best of DPPH（2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate）radical scavenging capacity. Hydrolyzed by Protamex at one hour（P1）, hydrolyzed by Alcalase complex at five hours（A5）compare of GE was one of the best antioxidant capacity in the reducing power test. In the antioxidant capacity test of the lag phase of LDL oxidation, sample of A5 has the best ability. Thus, complex of Geloina eros has the best capability of the lag phase of LDL oxidation test which were contribute of enzymes to hydrolyze that it can prevent that oxidized LDL caused foam cells to formation on the vessel wall lead to accumulation which was make fatty plaque. The second part was the animal experiment. Study reveal SD rats which were induced by high cholesterol diet hyperlipidemia for gastric intubation with GE, CF, P1, and A5, respectively, cholesterol levels had significant（p<0.05）lower in blood. For the high-cholesterol diet control group（C）reduced cholesterol levels in blood by 37%, 33%, 35% and 33%, respectively. In addition, it also found GE, CF, P1 and A5 increase 63%, 53%, 54%, and 53% of HDL levels in blood, respectively, and decrease 95% for the LDL levels. About the antioxidant enzymes in the blood, it confirmed that sample of GE, CF, P1 and A5 can improve the activity of super oxide dismutase （SOD）, glutathione peroxidase（GSH-Px） and glutathione reductase（GSH-Rd）, GE was the best effect of other group, and it can significantly （p <0.05） lower TBARS levels in blood. In each group of animal’s liver issue, we found the cholesterol levels in liver in group GE, CF, P1, and A5 were lower than in group C, They were significantly（p<0.05）decrease of 64%, 53%, 47% and 47%, respectively. Except the group A5, In the liver of TBARS levels, The other three groups of GE, CF and P1 were significant（p<0.05）lower, The best effect group which was GE were significant（p <0.05）increased SOD activity. In the other hand, we found the groups of GE were significantly（p<0.05）higher cholesterol level for rats feces, and group of GE was higher than group C up to two times. Moreover, the study showed up the group GE, CF, P1 and A5 had become small of lipid droplet that were observe in liver slice. This result showed that four samples can prevent lipid droplet which was contribute by high-cholesterol diet. In Conclusions, this study confirmed Geloina eros had enhance of antioxidant activity, hypolipidemic and hepatoprotective, and we consider Geloina eros can prevent atherosclerosis potentially. In the future, Geloina eros can be used to prevent hypolipidemic for the development of health food probably.

並列關鍵字

Geloina eros ； Antioxidant ； Hypolipidemic ； Hydrolysate ； Rat

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