幼稚園園長領導之個案研究

A caseA Case Study on the Leadership of Kindergarten Principals

王怡云(Yi-yun Wang)

指導教授 ： 林育瑋

國立臺灣師範大學/教育學院/人類發展與家庭學系/博士(2005年)

摘要

幼稚園園長領導之個案研究

摘要
本研究之研究參與者為兩位績優幼稚園資深園長，其最初研究焦點為透過幼稚園園長與老師的互動過程，來瞭解園長的領導理念與行為；但在蒐集資料與分析資料的過程中，研究者發現兩位園長的領導行為與「家長式領導」內涵相似，因此本研究最後也企圖以家長式領導理論來分析討論幼稚園園長的領導。
研究採個案研究的方式進行，研究者於93年3月至94年3月間進入研究現場，透過長期觀察、訪談、文件檔案與現場札記等方式蒐集資料。研究者進入現場觀察的頻率為每週一∼二次，其中小小幼稚園共觀察五十四次、大地幼稚園共觀察四十二次；正式訪談兩位園長各兩次，以及許多次非正式對話，另外也正式訪談園所老師各一次。
本研究主要有以下幾點結論：
一、兩位績優幼稚園園長會視不同情境而有不同的領導理念和行為。小小幼稚園吉園長的領導理念為：「展現權威」、「關懷照顧」、「重視專業倫理」、「強調形象」；大地幼稚園利園長領導理念為：「營造團隊參與」、「授權尊重」、「關懷體諒」、「展現威權」。
二、兩位績優幼稚園園園長共通的領導行為：因應情境不同而展現不同領導行為、關懷並規劃教師未來生涯發展、支持並重視教師在職進修以取得專業資格、重視工作倫理。
三、兩位績優幼稚園園園長領導行為的差異：威權行為表現在不同面向、對人性價值觀假定不同、凝聚教師方式不同。
四、兩位績優幼稚園園長有著共同的領導難題，皆為人事上的管理與領導。吉園長表示聘任老師不易是最大的難題，而利園長則指出學年交替時人事的異動是一大困擾。
五、兩位績優幼稚園園長的領導行為皆有著「家長式領導行為」的特徵。
六、兩位績優幼稚園園長的家長式領導行為內涵為：「恩威並濟的領導行為」、「重視工作倫理」、「注重面子與形象」。
根據研究發現，本研究針對幼稚園園長、師資培育機構以及後續研究等，提出相關建議作為參考。

關鍵字

幼稚園 ； 幼稚園園長領導 ； 家長式領導

並列摘要

A Case Study on the Leadership of Kindergarten Principals

Abstract

The subjects of this research were two outstanding and senior kindergarten principals. The original research objective had been to understand the leadership concepts and behavior of the principals through the interactions between the kindergarten principals and other teachers. However, the researcher later found that the leadership behavior of these two principals was similar to that of "Paternalistic Leadership" during data collection and analysis. As a result, this research turned to analyze the leadership of kindergarten principals with the theories of paternalistic leadership.
Using the methodology of case study, the researcher collected data through long-term observation, interviews, documentation, and on-site notes in the research kindergartens between March 2004 and March 2005. With on-site observation of once or twice a week, the researcher paid 54 visits to Xiaoxiao Kindergarten and 42 visits to Dadi Kindergarten. Both kindergarten principals were interviewed formally twice respectively and informally several times. A formal interview with teachers in both schools was also conducted respectively.
The conclusions of this research were as follows:
1. Both outstanding kindergarten principals adopted different leadership concepts and behavior when contexts changed. The leadership concepts of Principal Ji of Xiaoxiao Kindergarten were "Presentation of authority", "Caring", "High regard for professional ethics", and "Strong focus on personal image" while Principal Li of Dadi Kindergarten adopted "Formation of group participation", "Empowerment and respect", "Caring", and "Presentation of authority".
2. Similarities in leadership behavior between both outstanding kindergarten principals included: performing different leading behavior when contexts changed, caring and planning for the career development for teachers, supporting and stressing the on-the-job studying and development while working, and stressing work ethics.
3. Differences in leadership behavior of both outstanding kindergarten principals: authority presentation in different aspects, different assumptions of personal values, and different approaches of bringing teachers together.
4. Both outstanding kindergarten principals shared the same leadership dilemmas, which were the management and leading of employees. Principal Ji said that the largest dilemma lied in the recruitment of new teachers while Principal Li pointed out that the staff changes during the changeover between academic years was a big problem.
5. Both outstanding kindergarten principals demonstrated the features of "Paternalistic Leadership Behavior" in their leadership behavior.
6. Both outstanding kindergarten principals shared some common leadership behavior: "Leading with both care and authority", "Stress on work ethics", "Maintenance of face and image."
Based on the research findings, some relevant recommendations were made for kindergarten principals, teacher training institutions and future studies.

Key words: kindergarten, kindergarten principal's leadership, paternalistic leadership style

並列關鍵字

kindergarten ； kindergarten principal's leadership ； paternalistic leadership style

參考文獻

許金田、胡秀華、凌孝綦、鄭伯壎、周麗芳（2004）。家長式領導與組織公民行為的關係：上下關係品質之中介效果。交大管理學報，24（2），119-149。

陳龍弘、蔡英美（2005）。華人家長式領導、情緒感受與運動員競技倦怠。大專體育學刊，7（2），101-110。

張慶勳（2000）。國小校長轉化、互易領導影響學校組織文化特性與組織效能之研究。高雄：復文。

張慶勳（2001）。學習型組織文化與領導。學校行政，14，29-41。

黃昆輝（1989）。教育行政學。台北：東華。