PCB製造業對綠色供應鏈評核之因應探討~以桃園地區為例

A Study of the PCB Industry’s New Restrictions for Green Supply Chain Assessment in the Taoyuan Area

徐良政(Liang-Cheng Hsu)

指導教授 ： 王鵬堯

國立中央大學/工學院/環境工程研究所碩士在職專班/碩士(2008年)

摘要

隨著歐盟RoHS（The Restriction of Hazardous Substances）指令於2006年7月1日正式生效，對企業帶來不小的衝擊。RoHS指令造成之貿易障礙及透過綠色供應鏈的運作工具之下，分屬供應鏈的企業其所遭遇的問題是近乎相同的。本研究係以調查與探討印刷電路板(PCB)製造業之綠色供應鏈評核因應情形，目的在找出PCB製造業面臨RoHS指令所產生的問題及所需要之協助，以尋求一種最佳之管理方式來面對這不可抵擋之綠色衝擊。研究對象為台灣電路板協會會員之桃園地區PCB製造廠，實施問卷調查，有效回收率71%。
調查結果顯示，綠色供應鏈評核因應量表之整體得分率以「訓練溝通」之表現最為良好，「品管檢測」之表現尚需加強。而在綠色採購管理量表之整體得分率以「供應商評選」之表現最為積極正向，其餘項目表現尚可。經Pearson積差相關檢定後得知，PCB製造業綠色供應鏈評核因應與組成四構面間之相關性皆達顯著水準，其中以「綠色規範」最為顯著相關；綠色採購管理與組成三構面間之相關性亦皆達顯著水準，其中以「綠色要求」最為顯著相關。經過檢定發現綠色供應鏈評核因應與綠色採購管理之間有顯著相關。不同企業背景條件對綠色供應鏈評核因應之影響，經過單因子變異數分析後得知，與公司人數、已通過驗證、目前GP管理方式、是否知悉RoHS內容之間有顯著相關。而對綠色採購管理之影響，除了前三項變項外，尚與公司資本額之間有顯著相關。
研究中發現PCB製造業皆認同推行綠色產品管理系統對回覆客戶要求有幫助。但在推行意願上，僅32%企業主動承諾將於3年內推行，約六成的企業尚在觀察客戶要求趨勢，屬被動性符合之心態。取得綠色產品管理系統驗證之企業不到一成，客戶要求將成為企業推行綠色產品管理之主要助力與壓力。可就獲取訂單及綠色形象等實質益處的觀點來鼓勵企業做好綠色產品管理，讓企業不僅能通過綠色供應鏈評核，達到永續經營的目標，更能對環保盡一份社會責任。

關鍵字

PCB ； 綠色供應鏈 ； 綠色產品管理系統 ； RoHS

並列摘要

Complying with the European Union’s Directive on the Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) on July 1, 2006 has had a huge impact on the PCB industry in general, and similar specific problems tend to arise for suppliers and customers abiding by the new regulations. This study is intended to investigate and discuss the situation in which the printed circuit board (PCB) industry regulate by green supply chain assessment has been operating from 2006.The purpose of this study is to locate the problems and discuss how companies can cope with the high standards which the RoHS Directive place on those companies and try to seek out the best way to face this unavoidable impact. The investigative objects are PCB factories of Taiwan Printed Circuit Association (TPCA) members in the Taoyuan area. The study used questionnaires and statistical tools as research methods. The effective rate of questionnaire recovery was 71%.
The investigation results showed that in the green supply chain assessment, the scoring rate of the “training & communication” had positive attributes, and the scoring rate of the “quality control & quality testing” has much room for improvement. And, in the green purchase management, the scoring rate of the “supplier election” had positive attributes, the others were acceptable.
The Pearson’s accumulates showed that the green supply chain assessment of PCB industry and four components were highly correlated,
especially the “green standard”. And, the green purchase management of PCB industry and three components were also highly correlated, especially the “green request”. It also found that the “green supply chain assessment” was highly correlated to the “green purchase management”.
The effects of different enterprise background on the “green supply chain assessment” and the “green purchase management”, the “employee amount”, “gained certification” and “the way of green products management” were both correlate to the “green supply chain assessment” and the “green purchase management” by one-way ANOVA analysis.
The study found that the PCB industry generally is in agreement that customer’s requests and follow up on Green Product Management Systems (GPMS).However only 32% of the PCB industry had the will to do so within 3 years, and nearly 60% of the PCB industry still planned on obey the new regulations based on their customer’s requirements. This demonstrates a passive attitude. The PCB industries which have attained GPMS certification are less than 10%. Therefore, the green requests of customer’s are clearly the driving force behind which enterprises decide to pursue green products management. Giving companies real benefits in terms of orders and/or a green reputation will encourage those enterprises to pursue green product management actively, and will result in enterprises not only passing the green supply chain assessment and achieving the goal of sustainability, but also fulfilling social obligations of Earth environmental protection.

並列關鍵字

PCB ； green supply chain ； green product management system ； RoHS

參考文獻

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