高齡者在臺北市運動中心休閒運動參與及設施需求之研究

A Study of the Participation of Recreational Sport and Facility Needs for the Elder in Taipei Sports Centers

黃筱棻(Hsiao-fen Huang)

指導教授 ： 鄭志富

國立臺灣師範大學/運動與休閒學院/運動與休閒管理研究所/碩士(2012年)

摘要

臺灣高齡者於1993年人口比率已超過7%。行政院並預估於2025年將超過20%，成為超高齡 (super-aged) 社會。臺灣處在高齡化趨勢中，故積極研擬行動措施因應勢必逐年增加之保險、醫療、救助及福利等社會支出之挑戰勢在必行。研究目的旨在瞭解在臺北市運動中心參與休閒運動高齡者，其參與現況及與運動參與及設施需求關聯性，以問卷調查方式，總計發放問卷1020份，回收有效問卷808份，運用SPSS統計軟體分析，以描述性統計與卡方檢定處理，研究結果如下：一、高齡者以男性居多，80歲以上參與比例逐漸下滑，已婚 (配偶健在) 者比例與過去研究相較減少6.3%，並以患有高血壓、關節痛與糖尿病者為多。二、高齡者以天天運動比例最高，公益時段平均使用率高於非公益時段，且最常參與休閒運動項目亦以運動中心硬體設備為主，軟體課程活動為輔。三、不同性別高齡者參與運動中心休閒運動，其缺乏運動同伴之阻礙因素較不明顯，運動主要目的係為了健康與生活習慣，交通方式與時間則以走路與11至20分鐘比例最高。四、不同性別高齡者皆「重複」與「集中」使用特定運動設施，最需要的運動與附帶設施需求比例相同，女性需求托育中心比例較高，避免運動傷害則為男性需要專業指導主要原因。本研究建議受託廠商除應將增設安全防護需求納入參考，並增強高齡者主動預防重於被動維護之概念，以保障高齡者、受託廠商與臺北市政府三者之安全及責任。二、臺北市政府應審慎規劃確立二代運動中心為絕對分眾化或融合使用及是否需整合醫療、社福、運動與交通等相關資源。三、運動與休閒並重，提供身心靈舒展空間以呼應不同需求，是二代運動中心規劃重點；彙整困難與問題，並能協調整合突破阻礙，為二代運動中心能否具體執行之契機。並建議後續研究可以本研究資料為基礎，擴大範圍，調查未曾參與臺北市運動中心休閒運動或在其他場所從事休閒運動之高齡者，建置外部資料基礎，進行比較分析。其次與高齡者深入訪談，剖析數字現象背後的深層意義為何，輔以專家學者、政府單位之政策規劃與廠商之見解，規劃臺北市休閒運動與設施管理發展。

關鍵字

臺北市運動中心 ； 高齡者 ； 休閒運動參與 ； 設施需求

並列摘要

The elderly had reached 7% of total population in 1993, and will excess 20% in 2025. This status would make Taiwan a “super-aged” society as defined by the United Nations. Confronted with such a fast aging society, the government shall initiate a proactive approach to meet the challenges of the increasing expenditure year by year in insurance, medicare, medicaid service and social welfare. This study was to understand the needs, for those elderly who has used Taipei Sport Centers related to their exercise participation, their facility demand, and the connection of the two abovementioned.
The face to face questionnaire survey was utilized to recruit 808 valid participants. According to the descriptive statistics, and x^2 test, the findings of this study were: (1) most of the elder who exercise in Taipei City Sport Centre were male. The exercise ratio went down for the elder above 80 years old. The ratio decreased by 6.3% for the elder with his/ her spouses alive. And it also showed that most of those elder had high blood pressure, arthritis and diabetes. (2) It showed that the proportion of the elder who used sport centers everyday ranked highest and many of them prefer to use the sport centers during public hours rather than in the non-public hours. Also, elders were likely to use the facilities of sport centers, rather than to attend sport programs. (3) The elder people have taken exercise as a part of their life, and many of which exercised alone, rather than with companions. (4) The elder with different genders were likely to use the same facility repeatedly. Male elder had a higher need for the coaching to prevent from sports injuries but female elder had a higher need for nursery service.
In summary, the suggestions of this study were: (1)The outsourced contractors of the 1st generation of Taipei Sport Centre shall continue and upgrade their safety feature, and take the positive preventive approach instead of only the passive maintenance job to keep the safety of the elder. (2) Taipei City Government should decide if they want to integrate the medicare, social welfare and transportation service within the 2nd generation sport centre and think if its service is positioned only for the elder and the disabled, or should include the rest of citizen in the same sport center. (3) The 2nd generation sport centre should take the idea of equal importance of physical exercise and leisure, to provide far more spaces for the elderly to relax both mentally and physically to meet different needs. It is suggested that the follow-up survey and interview should be conducted on those who has never been to sport centers. Finally, based on the foregoing affecting factors of the needs of elderly, some recommendations for practice and further researches were suggested

並列關鍵字

Taipei Sport Center ； elder ； participation in leisure sport ； facility requirement

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